A/HRC/37/32 and productive employment, under conditions safeguarding the fundamental political and economic freedoms of the individual. Part of creating an enabling environment involves legislative, policy and other measures to give effect to the duty to respect, protect and fulfil the right to work.10 In this respect, targets 8.3 (on development-oriented policies), 8.8 (the protection of labour rights and the promotion of safe and secure working environments for all workers), 8.9 (developing and implementing policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products) and 8.b (global strategy for youth employment and implementation of the ILO Global Jobs Pact) are especially relevant. 14. Some of the normative content of the right to work is reflected in the targets, as are several State obligations. Under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the overarching obligation is for States to ensure the progressive realization of the right to work.11 This is echoed in target 8.5, while the targets relating to the protection of labour rights and the promotion of occupational health and safety also align with the normative content of the right to work. 15. Non-discrimination, equality and inclusion are an integral part of several goals and targets: the objectives of achieving equality overall and gender equality specifically underpin Goals 5 and 10, respectively. Target 8.5 (on full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value) requires the elimination of discrimination in remuneration and access to employment. Several dimensions of inclusion, particularly economic, social and political inclusion, equality and non-discrimination are features of a number of targets, including targets 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4. 16. The Sustainable Development Goals and, necessarily, their targets are universal and interlinked with a view to supporting a coordinated, comprehensive approach. In the 2030 Agenda, the General Assembly clearly noted that the interlinkages and integrated nature of the Goals were of crucial importance in ensuring that the purpose of the new Agenda was realized. This reflects the interdependence and indivisibility of the human rights on which the 2030 Agenda is based. 17. In this context, interesting examples can be considered. Since 2005, in India, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has provided a minimum of 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in any financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Through this process, the Act address the linkage between the right to work, the right to food and the right to life enshrined in the Constitution of India. IV. Leaving no one behind 18. Adopting a human rights-based approach to the implementation of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals insofar as this relates to vulnerable and marginalized individuals, groups and populations is a fundamental element of contributing to the realization of the right to work. A. Women 19. According to ILO, the significant progress in women’s educational achievements has not yielded a corresponding improvement in their position at work, and women continue to experience greater challenges in gaining access to work than men; specifically, “barriers to participation, persistent occupational and sectoral segregation and a disproportionate share of unpaid household and care work prevent them from enjoying equal access to opportunities”. 12 Moreover, access to employment has not necessarily meant access to decent work, and women remain at greater risk of unemployment.13 The gendered nature of the global workforce has meant that women are concentrated and overrepresented 10 11 12 13 See Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 18 (2005) on the right to work, paras. 24-28. Ibid., para. 19. ILO, Women at Work: Trends 2016, Geneva, 2016, p. 5. Ibid., p. 12. 5