A/HRC/37/32 I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted to the Human Rights Council pursuant to its resolution 34/14, in which the Council requested the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to prepare an analytical report on the relationship between the realization of the right to work and the implementation of relevant targets in the Sustainable Development Goals, in accordance with States’ respective obligations under international human rights law. The Council specified that the report should indicate the major challenges and best practices in this regard, and be prepared in consultation with States, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, particularly the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the treaty bodies, special procedures, civil society, national human rights institutions and other stakeholders. 2. Having invited input for the preparation of the from Member States, United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, OHCHR received a total of 27 contributions from Member States (Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Sri Lanka and Sweden), one United Nations agency (ILO), regional bodies (the Council of Europe and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights), civil society organizations (the Child Rights International Network, the European Youth Forum and ATD Fourth World) and national human rights institutions (the Danish Institute for Human Rights, the India National Human Rights Commission, the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights, the New Zealand Human Rights Commission, the People’s Advocate Ombudsman of Moldova, the Office of the Human Rights Advocate of Nicaragua, the Ombudsmen of Latvia and the UK Equality and Human Rights Commission). 3. The present report provides an overview of the normative content of the right to work and the corresponding State obligations to ensure its full realization. It also reviews the Sustainable Development Goals framework as it pertains to the right to work, underscores the importance of paying attention to marginalized groups to ensure that no one is left behind, and highlights several challenges and best practices. II. The right to work under international human rights law 4. The right to work is well established under international human rights law, and is recognized in, inter alia, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (arts. 23 and 24), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (arts. 6, 7 and 8), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (art.8 (3)(a)), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (art. 5(e)(i)), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (art. 11(1)(a)), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (art. 32), the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (arts. 11, 25, 26, 40, 52 and 54) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (art. 27). 5. In its general comment No. 18 (2005), the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights described the right to work as both an individual and collective right. The individual dimension, referenced in article 6(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, relates to “the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts”. Article 7 of the Covenant protects the right to just and favourable conditions of work, which is also an element of the individual aspect of the right to work. Just and favourable conditions of work include adequate and equal wages for work of equal value without discrimination, safe and healthy working conditions, equal opportunity for promotion, and rest, leisure and a reasonable limitation on working hours. The collective component of the right to work is detailed in article 8 of the Covenant, which stipulates the right to form and to join trade unions of one’s choice. Article 8 also elucidates the rights of trade unions themselves to establish national 2