A/HRC/RES/35/10 5. Recognizes the critical role of women and girls as well as of women’s and youth organizations and organizations led by women and girls as agents of change, and in this regard urges States to meaningfully engage with women and girls as active and equal participants in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of legislation, policies and programmes, including programmes aimed at engaging men and boys; 6. Also recognizes the critical role of men and boys in preventing and eliminating all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls in both the public and private spheres, and urges States to design and implement national policies and programmes that address the roles and responsibilities of men and boys in the promotion of gender equality; 7. Urges States to condemn strongly and publicly all forms of violence against women and girls in all settings, public and private, and to refrain from invoking any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligations with respect to its elimination, including by eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation; 8. Continues to express particular concern at the systemic and structural discrimination and violence faced by women human rights defenders of all ages, and calls upon States to fulfil their obligations to prevent violations and abuses against all human rights defenders, including through practical steps to prevent threats, harassment and violence, and to combat impunity by ensuring that those responsible for violations or abuses, including all types of gender-based violence and threats, committed by State or non-State actors, are promptly brought to justice through impartial investigations; 9. Calls upon States to take immediate and effective action to prevent violence against women and girls by: (a) Fully engaging men and boys, alongside women and girls, including community and religious leaders, as agents and beneficiaries of achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls as a contribution to the elimination of violence against women and girls; (b) Addressing the root causes of gender inequality, including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours, and socioeconomic drivers of violence, and unequal power relations such as patriarchal norms that view women and girls as subordinate to men and boys and that normalize, condone or perpetuate discrimination and violence against women and girls; (c) Designing, implementing and regularly monitoring the impact of national policies, programmes and strategies that address the roles and responsibilities of men and boys, including by transforming social-cultural norms and traditional and customary practices that condone violence against women and girls, counteracting attitudes by which women and girls are regarded as subordinate to men and boys or as having stereotyped gender roles that perpetuate practices involving violence or coercion, and aiming to ensure the equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men and girls and boys in unpaid care and domestic work, including through parental leave policies, and increased flexibility in working arrangements which would facilitate the equal sharing of responsibilities; (d) Ensuring the promotion and protection of the human rights of all women and their sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences, including through the development and enforcement of policies and legal frameworks, and strengthening health systems that make quality comprehensive sexual and reproductive health-care services, commodities, information and education universally accessible and 4