A/HRC/41/41/Add.1 64. The Special Rapporteur raised his concerns with the Government of Cambodia (KHM 5/2018) over alleged violations of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association online, occasioned by the issuance of the Code of Conduct for media in the Election Process by the National Election Committee on 12 March 2018. The Code of Conduct listed a number of prohibitions for the media, including the expression of personal opinion regarding the reporting of ongoing events and the broadcasting of news leading to confusion and confidence loss in the election or affecting national security or political stability. On 28 May 2018, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunication and the Ministry of Information adopted an Inter-ministerial Proclamation (Prakas) on “Publication Controls of Website and Social Media Processing via Internet in the Kingdom of Cambodia”, which gave wide discretion to block online content on a number of vague and overbroad premises, such as the creation of “turmoil by will” and “breaking solidarity”. The Prakas would be enforceable against website publications and any kind of online social media networks in Cambodia. Due to the Prakas, Internet Service Providers in Cambodia were required to equip surveillance tools to filter and block social media accounts which were posting in contravention of regulations and to cooperate with Ministry of Information or relevant ministries in this regard. These regulations allegedly had a highly detrimental impact on the ability to assemble and associate online, as sites and online communities could be closed through the application of the broad language contained in the regulations. The lack of legal certainty may also have led to a climate of self-censorship. 65. Concerns were also raised by the Special Rapporteur with the Government of Bangladesh with regards to shrinking civic space in the country in the context of the “war on drugs”, during which over 13,000 individuals were allegedly arrested and a number of persons were killed and forcibly disappeared (BGD 5/2018). On 1 June 2018, the Daily Star media outlet was blocked for 20 hours, allegedly as a result of publishing an article related to an extrajudicial killing, and, on 3 June 2018, a public rally and march organised in protest against such killings was dispersed due to the organisers’ alleged failure to seek permission from authorities to hold it. The Special Rapporteur notes that, while national security and public health are legitimate reasons to limit the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, the sole fact that permission was not sought in order to hold a protest does not give grounds for its dispersal. Indeed, assemblies should not be subject to an authorisation procedure from authorities, rather they should be subject at most to a notification procedure which is as straightforward possible. Freedom of association 66. The Special Rapporteur sent communications concerning the right to freedom of association to the Philippines, India and Indonesia, among others during the reporting period. The Special Rapporteur thanks the Government of the Philippines for its responses dated 10 and 13 December 2018, however he regrets that these responses were limited to acknowledgements of receipt. He looks forward to receiving detailed responses to the communications sent soon. The Special Rapporteur also thanks the Government of Indonesia for its reply received on 29 March 2019 and hopes to similarly receive a reply at the Government’s earliest convenience to the communication sent on 6 February 2019 (IDN 1/2019). The Special Rapporteur regrets that no reply was received to the communication sent to the Government of India (IND 28/2018) and urges the Government’s increased cooperation with his mandate and the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council in general. 67. In two communications sent to the Government of the Philippines (PHL 10/2018 & PHL 11/2018), the Special Rapporteur raised his most serious concerns regarding the alleged extrajudicial killing of members of farmers’, indigenous and land rights organisations. These alleged killings seemingly form part of a coordinated and systematic attack against these organisations and their work, through the mislabelling and false conflation of them as elements of the communist party of the Philippines or the New People’s Army. The attacks on the members of these human rights organisations also reportedly include death threats, arbitrary arrests and smear campaigns. Moreover, these attacks and acts of harassment take place in a climate of impunity in the Philippines, with perpetrators rarely being brought to justice. In one of the two communications (PHL 13