A/HRC/36/51 Ethiopia, Kenya, the Sudan or Uganda. The number of unaccompanied children is estimated at 35,000. 46. Children in transit through Zimbabwe lack many social services. Once the children are outside the family environment, they are often left by themselves and may be exposed to difficult living conditions. However, reception conditions have improved in recent years, as child reception centres have been set up by the Government of Zimbabwe, IOM and UNICEF. These reception centres provide basic social services for children and allow for family reunification. 47. Inside Senegal, the phenomenon of talibé children is growing. These children are taken by marabouts (Qur’anic teachers) to cities for the alleged purpose of learning the Qur’an. However, in fact, the teachers exploit the children and force them to pay money. Studies show that 15,000 children without family in Dakar are victims of exploitation. In most cases, these children come from the southern regions or neighbouring countries such as Guinea-Bissau.46 48. Haiti has no reception structures dedicated to children. Unaccompanied children are housed with repatriated adults in transit centres operated by the Government. In general, the centres do not meet the minimum standards for hygiene, water supply or appropriate food. 47 49. Between 1990 and 2015, the total number of child migrants in the Oceania region increased from 430,000 to 670,000, but overall migration rose faster, meaning that children now make up a slightly smaller proportion of the migrant population than they did 25 years ago.48 IV. Main human rights violations faced by unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents in identified areas 50. A common denominator in almost every country is the lack of information about human rights violations faced by unaccompanied migrant children. 51. Specifically, the rights and principles under the Convention on the Rights of the Child that are regularly violated in the case of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children are the following: non-discrimination, best interests of the child, development, having a name and nationality, family reunification, respect for the views of the child, health and medical care, education; special protection measures.49 52. Trafficking for sexual or economic exploitation, surgical removal of organs and other forms of violence are the most severe violations in the case of migrant children in Paraguay. In research published in 2015 by the Luna Nueva Group on sexual exploitation and trafficking of unaccompanied children in Paraguay, various kinds of violation were reported: sexual and labour exploitation, organ trafficking and trading girls for animals. 53. According to information dating from 2010 to 2012, human traffic flows originating from sub-Saharan Africa took place mostly within the region, with the majority of victims being children. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reveals that Africa and the Middle East accounted for 62 per cent of the global total of trafficked children between 2010 and 2012, the highest proportion in the world. 54. In many countries of destination, migrant children commonly acquire a debt vis-àvis the trafficker or exploiter, who takes away the children’s documents and uses threats and violence to subdue them. Children are reported to be physically abused by both private 46 47 48 49 10 Source: Caritas Senegal. Source: World Vision Haiti. UNICEF, Uprooted. International legal principles that prescribe the responsibilities of States towards unaccompanied children are derived from two main conventions: the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees.