A/HRC/31/81 A/HRC/19/74, para. 19). The universal periodic review had opened up opportunities for States, the United Nations system, regional organizations, civil society, national institutions and development actors to foster joint efforts and cooperation in the field of human rights (see A/HRC/23/20, para. 8). In that context, the Advisory Committee discussed the obligation of cooperation with monitoring bodies, ways to strengthen those bodies, the follow-up to recommendations made by these bodies and suggested measures to improve the human rights situation on the ground (see A/HRC/19/74, paras. 44-50). 6. Importantly, the Advisory Committee, recognizing the evolving nature of the concept, noted that it might be too soon to set up a typology of international cooperation. Rather a systematic framework should be developed that would allow all the parameters involved to be taken into consideration. Only then would it be possible to envisage a dynamic, rather than static, approach to the issue, with a view to identifying best practices for enhancing international cooperation in the area of human rights. Those best practices were identified and disseminated through visits by experts, as well as through studies and reports. The universal periodic review, forums and other platforms for exchanging information at the national, regional and international levels also provided a vehicle for their dissemination (see A/HRC/19/74, para. 27). 7. The Advisory Committee further endeavoured to clarify the contours of this allencompassing topic (see A/HRC/26/41). It considered parameters such as increasing the involvement of national human rights institutions and civil society in the work of the United Nations human rights mechanisms. 8. International cooperation, according to the Advisory Committee, would be enhanced by strengthening the universal periodic review, subsidiary and special procedures of the Human Rights Council, ways and means to move towards more consolidated and synchronized State reporting, improving universal adherence to human rights texts and bodies, improving coordination with and among regional bodies, enhancing the follow-up system, consolidating the voluntary funds, mainstreaming human rights across the global institutional system and strengthening human rights cooperation in the field of migration. 9. The Council, in its resolution 28/2, accommodates these many dimensions of international cooperation in the field of human rights by covering the substantive, procedural and institutional facets of international cooperation (see also A/HRC/19/74, paras. 8-13 and 28-39). It refers to the principles of universality, non-selectivity, objectivity and transparency in the promotion, protection and full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms in a manner consistent with the purposes and principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations and underlines that international cooperation in the field of human rights is essential for the full achievement of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights. III. Enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights: summary of State submissions Bahrain 10. Bahrain emphasized that international cooperation should take into account State sovereignty as well as the domestic context. It also suggested that “naming and shaming” may not be the most constructive approach and that international cooperation should not be used to advance “demands that are not agreed upon internationally”. 3