A/HRC/32/41 (b) Ensure that mandatory trainings for peacekeeping personnel include the prevention of trafficking, the identification of situations involving trafficking or risks of trafficking, and assistance to and protection of victims and potential victims, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations; (c) Ensure adequate protection of whistleblowers and prevent any adverse impact on their careers and working conditions; (d) Disclose publicly information on disciplinary and administrative procedures taken by contributing countries in relation to alleged perpetrators within their troops; (e) Implement the special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse by United Nations peacekeeping personnel proposed by the Secretary General (A/70/729) and the recommendations contained in the report of the independent review on sexual exploitation and abuse by international peacekeeping forces in the Central African Republic, “Taking action on sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers”. 71. The United Nations should: (a) Continue its effort to implement and reinforce the United Nations zerotolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers 44 and ensure the protection of victims, including by negotiating with the host country the possibility of granting subsidiary jurisdiction to hear and adjudicate claims of sexual abuse and exploitation, and provide compensation to victims of trafficking in persons; (b) Address labour exploitation by making all necessary efforts to ensure that, in conflict and post-conflict areas and including in the context of peacekeeping operations, all workers, including migrant workers, employed by State and non-State military actors, their contractors and subcontractors are employed in decent conditions of work, and establish a zero-tolerance policy towards violations of those workers’ fundamental rights. Recommendations in relation to research and awareness-raising 72. Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on: (a) The linkage between trafficking in persons and xenophobia, including the vulnerability of minority groups to trafficking; (b) The linkage between gender and trafficking in persons in conflicts, not only with regard to girls and women but also boys and men; (c) Recruitment modalities employed by extremist groups, especially with respect to children and their use as combatants, sexual slaves, human shields or suicide bombers; 44 See A/70/95-S/2015/446, A/70/357-S/2015/682, S/2015/716, A/70/729, Security Council resolutions 2242 (2015) and 2272 (2016) and “Taking action on sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers”. 21