A/HRC/4/28
page 9
additionally it provides a “map” to the right to health that is not confined to mental
disabilities - it has general application. Finally, the reports also deepen and refine our conceptual
understanding of some elements of general comment No. 14, such as those relating to
international assistance and cooperation.
D. New skills and techniques
25.
Over many years, the traditional human rights movement has developed a range of
methods and techniques to further its objectives. Typically, these techniques have included,
inter alia, “naming and shaming”, letter-writing campaigns, taking test cases, sloganizing, and so
on. These methods have served the human rights community well and they continue to be of
fundamental importance, including in relation to the right to the highest attainable standard of
health. But in the context of the right to health, these traditional human rights methods and
techniques are no longer enough.
26.
In his first report to the Commission on Human Rights, the Special Rapporteur
emphasized that the right to health “should be consistently and coherently applied across all
relevant national and international policy-making processes”.28 Indeed, this has been one of the
primary aims of all his reports: to promote the integration of the right to health in all
health-related policies. However, to achieve this aim, the traditional human rights methods and
techniques are insufficient. The right to health cannot be integrated into national and
international policies by merely “naming and shaming”, conducting letter-writing campaigns and
test cases, and uttering slogans. Today, an increasing number of participants in the health and
human rights movement understand that additional methods, techniques and skills are needed if
the right to health is to be operationalized through health policies, programmes and projects.
Moreover, they are already developing these new approaches.
27.
It is now widely recognized, for example, that a system of indicators and benchmarks is
needed to measure the progressive realization of the right to health. Several specialized
agencies, civil society organizations, academics and others are contributing to the development
of appropriate indicators and benchmarks in the specific context of the right to health and other
human rights. For his part, the Special Rapporteur has written three reports on this issue, the last
of which sets out a human rights-based approach to health indicators.29
28.
Also, a range of actors are now developing human rights - and right-to-health - impact
assessments. If the right to health is to be integrated into policies, a methodology is needed to
help policymakers anticipate the likely impact of a projected policy on the enjoyment of the right
to health, so that, if necessary, adjustments can be made to the proposed policy. The Special
Rapporteur has co-authored a UNESCO-funded paper that introduces some of the literature on
this topic and sets out, for discussion, a draft methodology for right-to-health impact
assessments.30
29.
Today, the health and human rights movement is grappling with difficult questions: for
example, when formulating health policies, which trade-offs are permissible and impermissible
from the perspective of the right to health? Given finite budgets, how should ministers of health
prioritize, in a manner that is respectful of the right to health, amongst competing objectives? Of
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