A/HRC/22/31 hold all actors responsible for their actions. They should also pay attention to the structural factors affecting child health, such as laws, policies and budgets. The participatory tracking of financial resources and of the impact on children’s health is essential for State accountability mechanisms. B. Health systems 69. Investing in strong health systems is a key factor in the prevention and delivery of quality care; an effective, transparent and responsive health system is essential to fulfilling the right of the child to health. A rights-based approach must ensure that health systems are designed to reach everyone, including the most disadvantaged groups of children, that they are transparent, and that there are systems in place to ensure the accountability of all dutybearers. 70. While the universal right to health entails access to health services for everyone, the right of the child to health requires health systems to be adequate to children’s health needs. The right to health highlights the need for comprehensive primary health-care programmes, delivered alongside proven community-based efforts, such as preventive care, the treatment of specific diseases and nutritional interventions. Delivering health services and technologies through a combination of health facilities and mobile arrangements can substantially reduce some risks, and should be universally adopted. While strengthening national health systems should be the long-term aim, community-based initiatives can extend the delivery of interventions in areas where health services are hard to obtain. 71. Prevention and health promotion are central to primary health care. Interventions should address communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as such other health challenges as accidents, violence, substance abuse, and psycho-social and mental health problems, and incorporate a combination of biomedical, behavioural and structural interventions. 72. Equality and non-discrimination must be promoted to address the range of disparities that affect children’ access to and use of health services. Targeting the most deprived communities with a focus on primary health care and community-based interventions can result in sharper reductions in child mortality and greater costeffectiveness than strategies not specifically designed to address health inequalities. 73. Child-sensitive health approaches throughout different periods of childhood, such as the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative,21 child-friendly health policies and adolescent-friendly health services can increase acceptability and the uptake of health services. 74. The realization of the right of the child to health requires particular attention to increasing interaction with children, and their participation at all stages of health system design and operation to improve the acceptability and, by extension, the uptake and use of services. 75. Many countries report shortages in human resources for health, particularly in times of crisis. In order to support health services for all children, however, an appropriately deployed workforce of sufficient size is required, as are adequate training, regulation, supervision, remuneration and conditions of service. 76. In support of a national coordinating framework on child health to facilitate cooperation between ministries and other level of Government, a well-structured and 21 14 See www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24806.html.