A/HRC/42/CRP.1 boys in Mudhafer district. However, they are still present in Hael School.1137 Sources have stated that despite the military use of these schools, the Government of Yemen has tried to continue the education for the children and it has reallocated those students to neighbouring schools. 723. Education during armed conflict provides both social and physical protection for children and also lessens the psychosocial impacts of war on children. The Group of Experts has concerns that the parties to the conflict have failed to take all feasible precautions to avoid locating military objects near civilians and they have blurred the distinction between civilian and military objects in using schools for military operations, both in violation of the principle of distinction. Parties to the conflict have further prevented children realizing their fundamental right to education, as guaranteed by both international humanitarian law and human rights law.1138 Access to education 724. The violations documented above have resulted in a growing fear: among children of attending school;1139 among teachers of holding classes; and among parents of sending their children, especially girls,1140 to school, thus undermining the education system in Yemen as a whole.1141 This situation has been aggravated by the lack of payment of salaries of teachers, leading to an insufficient number of qualified teachers in schools. 1142 Even when the children are not prevented from attending school, the quality of education has been affected in Yemen.1143 Unpaid teachers have told the Group of Experts they have had to look for other work in order to support their families. 1144 UNICEF, in an attempt to address this problem, stated on 10 March 2019 that it had started paying monthly incentives equivalent to 50 USD to those teachers and school-based staff .1145 725. Teachers in areas under the control of the de facto authorities informed the Group of Experts of additional challenges. At least three teachers interviewed by the Experts reported they had been arrested or had to flee these areas because they refused to teach the Houthi curriculum and further cooperate in the ongoing Houthi campaign of recruitment and conscription of children. One of the teachers told the Group that he was asked to mobilize the youth, which included visiting houses and special lectures on Houthi-related teachings. 1137 Confidential Sources on File. Additional Protocol II, Article 4(3)(a) provides: “Children shall be provided with the care and aid they require, and in particular…they shall receive […] education”; See also ICRC Study on customary IHL, rule 23; ICESCR, Article 13. 1139 Confidential Sources on File. According to UNICEF, during the reporting period, there are over two million (out of about 7 million) children out of school in Yemen, UNICEF, 11 March 2019, press release, at https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/keep-children-education-unicef-starts-incentivesschool-based-staff-yemen. Additional information at https://www.unicef.org/yemen/YEM_resources_ifnotinschool.pdf. At the onset of the conflict, in October 2014, UNICEF reported that 1.6 million of children were out of school, ‘YEMEN: Country report on out-of-school children’, at http://www.ooscimena.org/uploads/1/wysiwyg/reports/150325_MENARO_Yemen_Report_English_Preview.pdf. 1140 Confidential Sources on File. 1141 A number of international documents provide guidance on the means to ensure the continuation and/or reconstruction of an adequate educational system in situations of armed conflict. The Committee on the Rights of the Child held in 2008 a ‘Day of General Discussion on “the right of the child to education in emergency situations”’ to address these questions (see the recommendations issued from this Day of General Discussion at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Pages/DiscussionDays.aspx). See also INEE, Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction, INEE, 2004. 1142 According to the OCHA Yemen Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019, approximately 10,000 schools in 11 Governorates are seriously affected by the non-payment of teachers’ salaries, and 51 per cent of teachers have not received their salaries since October 2016. OCHA, Yemen Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019, December 2018, p. 47. At https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2019_Yemen_HNO_FINAL.pdf. 1143 Confidential Sources on File. 1144 Confidential Sources on File. 1145 UNICEF, 11 March 2019, press release, available at https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/keepchildren-education-unicef-starts-incentives-school-based-staff-yemen. 1138 173