A/HRC/42/62 moryan bandit raiders and the forced marriage of young girls to members of the opposing militia (E/CN.4/1996/14, para. 17). He called for the establishment of an international criminal tribunal to deal with the crimes perpetrated and encouraged the international community to assist the Government of Somalia to rebuild the State. He also called for the elaboration and implementation of a human rights programme (E/CN.4/1996/14/Add.1, paras. 33 (i), 36 and 38 (in French only)). 10. Mona Rishmawi (1996–2000) expressed concern about the grave acts of violence against life, intentional attacks against the civilian population and civilian objects, pillage, the conscription of children under 15, rape and other forms of sexual violence, the persecution of minorities, the illegal ordering of the displacement of civilians and the denial of due process (E/CN.4/2000/110, paras. 40–64). She proposed areas for technical cooperation to promote human rights work in Somalia and to advance peace and stability. Those included support for Somali human rights defenders, integrating human rights into the work of the United Nations agencies and programmes for women and law enforcement agencies (E/CN.4/1998/96, paras. 89–95). 11. Ghanim Alnajjar (2001–2008) raised concerns about violations of the right to life, arbitrary arrest and detention, disappearances and summary executions, intentional attacks on humanitarian personnel, violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, discrimination and abuse of marginalized groups and minorities, massive internal displacement, sexual and gender-based violence, the recruitment of children by armed groups and the practice of asi walid, whereby parents enforced disciplinary action on their children by sending them to prison without due process. He called for support by the international community to build State institutions for the rule of law and human rights, and recommended the drafting of a national constitution as an important step in building a legal framework for the protection of human rights (A/HRC/7/26, paras. 18–53). 12. Shamsul Bari (2008–2014) proposed a human rights road map on the following thematic areas (A/HRC/24/40, paras. 13–39): (a) Protection of civilians: through, inter alia: opening/strengthening police stations; training police and security forces on human rights and international humanitarian law; strengthening monitoring and investigation mechanisms; establishing a mechanism for monitoring the situation of civilians in areas of armed conflict and a civilian casualty tracking mechanism; and raising the awareness of citizens regarding their rights; (b) Right to justice: training of justice personnel in the administration of justice and human rights; harmonization of informal and customary practices with the formal State justice system and sharia law; and development of a justice/legal reform strategy and action plan focusing on the primacy and independence of the judiciary and clarifying the scope of the jurisdiction of the civilian and military courts; (c) Other thematic areas, such as: women’s rights; children’s rights; freedom of expression; minority rights; rights of returning refugees and internally displaced persons; rights of prisoners and detainees; the right to food; the right to health; the right to education; the right to work and livelihood; access to clean water and sanitation; and addressing impunity for serious crimes. 13. He also recommended the preparation of a truth, justice and reconciliation conference and the establishment of a commission of inquiry, tribunal or any other appropriate mechanism to punish past crimes and ongoing targeted killings (A/HRC/24/40, para. 101). C. Implementation of recommendations by mandate holders 14. Numerous recommendations made by mandate holders since 1994 have been acted upon, including: 4