1.4.4 Ensure institutional and legislative reform of the National Security Service in accordance with the CPA and Interim National Constitution. In particular, broad powers of arrest and detention should be reformed (art. 31 and art. 33 of the national security act) and judicial oversight mechanism established. TIME FRAME Mid-term INDICATOR National Security reformed in accordance with CPA. Emergency laws repealed. Number of incidents of harassment, arrests and detention by National Security. Emergency laws should not grant security agencies broad powers to arrest and to restrict freedom of movement, assembly and expression. 1.4.5 Ratify Convention against Torture 1.5 Protection of witnesses and victims 1.5.1 Ensure that human rights monitors have full and unimpeded access to witnesses and victims of human rights violations, that witnesses and victims are not subjected to any violence, reprisals or harassment due to their cooperation with human rights monitors; and that all necessary and feasible measures are taken to protect witnesses and victims against violence, reprisals and harassment by third parties. 1.6 Protection of human rights defenders 1.6.1 Do not subject human rights defenders to arbitrary detentions, physical abuse and harassment as a tool Mid-term Ratification of CAT. Short-term Number of reported incidents of non-compliance. Short-term Number of reported cases. NEEDS OF SUDAN: See Annex II A/HRC/5/6 page 18 RECOMMENDATION