A/HRC/35/8 incidents, which resulted in 188,325 deaths and injuries.34 Civilians constituted 77 per cent of the resulting deaths and injuries, and 59 per cent of those civilians were killed or injured by improvised explosive devices. 35 Armed actors made up the remaining 23 per cent of deaths and injuries.36 AOAV also collected information on the use of explosive weapons in populated and unpopulated areas between 2011-2015. In populated areas, 91 per cent of deaths and injuries were among civilians. That contrasts with 33 per cent of civilian deaths and injuries in unpopulated areas. 37 According to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines-Cluster Munition Coalition, in 2015 there were reportedly 417 casualties resulting from cluster munitions, the vast majority of which occurred during cluster munitions attacks. 38 Casualties from cluster munition remnants were recorded in at least eight countries, and civilians accounted for 97 per cent of the casualties recorded in 2015. 39 16. That data contributes to increasing awareness of the impact of arms transfers on the enjoyment of human rights. There is, however, limited data available in relation to all types of arms, and all consequences, which prevents a comprehensive understanding of the impact on human rights. There is a need for a greater, systematic collection of information regarding all types of arms and the many ways in which their transfer and use can affect the whole spectrum of human rights. Better data will ultimately help to develop a stronger understanding of the relationship between arms transfers and human rights, with beneficial implications for strengthening human rights protection, including by informing and aiding the effective implementation of the Arms Trade Treaty and relevant regional instruments. 17. The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular Sustainable Development Goal 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions, represents a significant step towards recognizing the importance of arms control to sustainable development and related human rights protection. While the transfer and subsequent use of arms are relevant to several of the targets set out under Goal 16, they are most immediately relevant to targets 16.1, which requires States to significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere, and 16.4, which requires States to significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. 40 The indicators that are being elaborated and agreed for target 16.4 will be one important avenue through which information on the human rights impact of the flow of illicit arms can be systematically collected, analysed and ultimately measured over time. 18. Also contributing to understanding about the human rights impact of arms are the efforts by civil society to develop methodologies to monitor arms transfers and gather information for the implementation of the Arms Trade Treaty. The Arms Trade Treaty Monitor Risk Watch Tool, for example, aims to survey, synthesize and make available information from a wide range of sources that monitor and report on human rights violations and risks related to the use of weapons in the context of the Treaty. 41 The tool is intended to help inform and guide licensing authorities as part of their national assessment process, and to serve as a resource for civil society organizations and others in their review of effective treaty implementation.42 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 6 AOAV, Patterns of Harm: Five Years of AOAV Explosive Violence Data (2011-2015) (2 August 2016). See also Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research The International Community and IEDs: Building coordinated processes and responses (June 2015), citing various reports and findings by AOAV. AOAV, Patterns of Harm. Ibid. See the contribution of AOAV. Cluster Munition Monitor 2016 (2016), p. 2. Ibid. See targets 16.2 and 16.5-16.7, as well as targets 5.2 and 11.7. Control Arms, ATT Monitor Report 2016, pp. 52 ff. Ibid.