A/HRC/9/23 page 25 V. CONCLUSIONS 53. The increase in the price of food commodities on international markets has had a severe negative impact on the right to food of the poorest households, who are net food buyers, with particularly damaging consequences in countries where there are either no social safety nets in place or the ones that exist are too weak to withstand the shock. The increase will not benefit many small-holders, either as they face steep rises in costs and lack the infrastructure and support they need to increase food supply. Therefore, while the tension between supply and demand must be addressed in order to reconstitute the food stocks by both increasing the level of agricultural production and limiting waste and overconsumption, what matters in human rights terms is who will produce food, and for the benefit of whom. The current situation creates opportunities. But opportunities should not be mistaken for solutions. While more must be invested in agriculture and rural infrastructure in order to make up for years of neglect, how the investments are targeted, which forms they take, and what their effects are, must be carefully monitored. If a new global partnership for agriculture and food is to emerge from the current crisis, it is crucial to ensure that this partnership does not simply seek to boost supply by promoting technology-driven recipes, but also empowers those who are hungry and malnourished and whose livelihoods may be threatened by precisely this renewed interest in encouraging agricultural production. A human rights framework would contribute to keeping the search for solutions on this track, because it would ensure that the most vulnerable will be given priority, and because it would improve accountability and participation in decision-making. It is therefore regrettable that such a framework has been almost entirely absent from current discussions. 54. The Special Rapporteur calls on the Human Rights Council: (a) To continue monitoring the initiatives adopted by Governments, the private sector and international agencies, in reaction to the global food crisis, and contribute to the discussion of any future global partnership for agriculture and food, ensuring that it includes attention to its human rights dimensions and that it is based on an effective participation of rights-holders; (b) To encourage States to build national strategies for the realization of the right to adequate food, which should include mapping of the food- insecure, adoption of relevant legislation and policies with a right-to-food framework, establishment of mechanisms to ensure accountability so that rights-holders are able to claim their right to food, and the establishment of mechanisms and processes which ensure real participation of rights-holders, particularly the most vulnerable, in designing and monitoring such legislation and policies. These strategies should in particular take into account the need to strengthen the protection of the human rights of the most vulnerable groups including land-users whose land tenure is insecure, landless labourers, women, the displaced, indigenous people, minorities, the disabled and the rural and urban poor; (c) To encourage the development of an international consensus on agrofuels, based not only on the need to avoid the negative impact of the development of agrofuels on the