A/HRC/23/45 IV. International solidarity in outcomes of major United Nations and other global summits and ministerial meetings A. United Nations Climate Change Conference in Doha 30. The eighteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the eighth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol were held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012. 31. In her message to the United Nations Climate Change Conference, the Independent Expert urged world governments to see beyond the cost of climate change in terms of money, and to adopt a strong commitment to international solidarity as a key element towards a successful round of United Nations climate change talks. She stated that international solidarity was a key factor in building a global constituency for more equitable arrangements for climate change, particularly on investments, finance, aid, debt, technology transfer, intellectual property, migration, the environment and the global partnership for development. She stressed the urgent need for a new cooperation model built upon a multilateral response to the mounting challenges of climate change, guided by the human rights approach to the principles of equity and of common but differentiated responsibilities, and implemented in the spirit of international solidarity. The Independent Expert urged parties not to abandon the Kyoto Protocol, and not to allow the expiration of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention without a clear transfer of unresolved issues linked to the principles of equity and of common but differentiated responsibilities, while taking into full account the standards enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 32. Following the Conference, the Independent Expert welcomed the development that in Doha 37 countries (all of the European Union members, Australia, Belarus, Croatia, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Switzerland and Ukraine) adopted legally binding emission reduction targets bringing them collectively to a level 18 per cent below their 1990 baselines over the next eight years. She also welcomed that all countries confirmed their determination to reach an agreement applicable to all by December 2015. She expressed her regret however, that developments have been far too slow, stressing that no single country is safe from climate change impacts. B. African Union summit 33. The twentieth African Union summit was held in Addis Ababa from 21 to 28 January 2013 on the theme ―Pan-Africanism and African renaissance‖.7 The summit also marked the fiftieth anniversary of the creation, on 25 May 1963, of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The OAU represented a historic moment in the history of the African continent and its commitment to achieve greater unity and solidarity among the countries and the peoples of Africa. The twentieth African Union summit outcomes are a valuable expression of the commitment of the region towards a better environment for cooperation and solidarity in African countries and of their relations with the world. Among other outcomes, the Assembly of the African Union decided to request a refocusing of the Economic Commission for Africa to enhance its work in accordance with Africa’s priorities. 7 12 See http://au.int.