Sexual and gender-based violence in Myanmar and the gendered impact of its ethnic conflicts in English and girls were particularly targeted for sexual violence and were disproportionally affected. In addition to the Tatmadaw, rape and other forms of sexual violence were carried out by members of the Border Guard Police, the Myanmar Police Force and members of ethnic Rakhine communities, although to a lesser extent.152 74. Between 25 August and mid-September 2017,153 mass gang rapes, involving multiple perpetrators and multiple victims in the same incident, constituted a notable pattern in at least ten village tracts.154 Mass gang rapes were commonly perpetrated in open public spaces, within forested areas near the village155 in large houses within the village156 and during detention in military and police compounds.157 They were often perpetrated in front of the victims’ children and other family members and neighbours.158 Women and girls were commonly raped by multiple perpetrators.159 Often, mass gang rape took place after the separation of women and girls from men and boys. 160 At times, the rapes and sexual violence took place in houses where Tatmadaw soldiers were waiting,161 including men in camouflage and with helmets.162 75. Physical injuries preceded most of the rapes, with women beaten with guns, sticks, wire and fists and kicked in the stomach or the head.163 Some women were violated while strung naked to trees by their hands or by hair in forested areas. 164 Perpetrators commonly scarred survivors through biting on their cheeks, thighs and other body parts in what appeared to be attempts of “branding”.165 Many victims were killed after being raped.166 Some girls were “raped to death”167 because of the unusual amount of blood in the genital area. In some instances, the genital area or the breasts were mutilated. 168 76. The Mission collected information on six villages and village tracts where women and girls suffered particularly high numbers of rape and other forms of sexual violence. These were Chut Pyin,169 Koe Tan Kauk,170 and Chein Khar Li (Ku Lar)171, in Rathedaung Township, Min Gyi (Tu Lar Tu Li),172 in Maungdaw Township, Maung Nu,173 and Gu Dar Pyin,174 in Buthidaung Township and areas in Southern Maungdaw. 77. The Mission documented two brutal attacks in Chut Pyin175 in Northern Rathedaung and Maung Nu in Buthidaung Township on 27 August 2017. In both villages women and 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 20 EI-075, EI-083, EI-084, EI-088, EI-093, EI-098. In Maungdaw: Kha Maung Seik (Fwaira Bazar), Min Gyi (Tu Lar Tu Li) (Tula Toli), Kyein Chaung (Boli Bazar), Kyauk Pan Du (Shitar Fawrikka); in Buthidaung: Ba Da Kar (Ba Da Kar / Fati Yaar), Nga Yant Chaung (a) Taung Bazar (Nga Yant Chaung), Chin Tha Mar (Hang Sar Para), Gu Dar Pyin (Gudam Para), Maung Gyi Taung (Shab Bazar / Sa Oh Brang) and in Rathedaung: Chut Pyin (Shuap Praung). EI-001, EI-030, EI-038, EI-039, EI-065, EI-067, EI-073, EI-075, EI-080, EI-081, EI-089, EI-094, EI097, EI-098, LI-105, K-128 EI-021, EI-027, EI-030, EI-064, YI-030 CI-042, CI-046, EI-021, EI-080, EI-081, QI-052, QI-060, QI-071, WI-038, K-128. EI-023, EI-028, EI-064, EI-066, EI-086, EI-094, EI-097, K-151, K-127. EI-027, EI-029, EI-057, EI-071, EI-083. EI-007, EI-014, EI-057, EI-096, EI-102. CI-034, CI-042, CI-046, EI-021, EI-080, EI-081, EI-097, QI-052, QI-60, QI-072, WI-038, K-151. CI-042, CI-046, EI-080, EI-081, EI-097, QI-052, QI-060, QI-072, WI-038, K-151. EI-057, EI-065, EI-080, EI-081. EI-007, EI-029, EI-057, EI-083. EI-096, EI-098, LI-105. EI-011, EI-014, EI-022, EI-076, EI- 094, XI-001. E1-014, EI-064, EI-065, EI-067, EI-075, EI-076, EI-080, EI-081, EI-088, EI-094, EI-098. EI-064, EI-067, EI-092, LI-081, LI-105, WI-006, WI-027. EI-064, EI-067, EI-092, LI-081, LI-105, WI-006, WI-027, XI-001. Known as Shuap Praung in Rohingya. Known as Dun Shay Para in Rohingya. Known as Shil Kha Li in Rohingya. Known as Tula Toli in Rohingya. Known as Monu Para in Rohingya. Known as Gudam Para in Rohingya. CI-177, LI-009, QI-052, WI-005, WI-006, WI-027, K-151, K-155.1.