A/HRC/11/37 236. The Al-Hakim Foundation urged Djibouti to reform effectively the judiciary, which was reportedly under the influence of the executive, with courts failing to respect fair trial standards, particularly in political cases not tried in public. It further noted reports of political and tribal intervention in the selection of judges and judicial officers, and the application of tribal laws to cases, including murder and rape, where fines were determined as blood money to be offered to the family or tribe of the victim. It said that, although the Constitution and the law provided for the creation of trade unions, workers associations and political parties, in some instances the Government had imposed some restrictions, noting for example that the labour code stipulated that the Government must give prior authorization to the creation of trade federations and unions. 237. The Cairo Institute encouraged Djibouti to enhance its collaboration with all international human rights instruments and mechanisms, notably by extending a standing invitation to the special procedures mandate holders by ensuring treaty body reporting, and by publicly speaking out in favour of the International Criminal Court, to which it is a State party. It called on the Government to bring an immediate end to the continued harassment of human rights activists such as the President of the Ligue djiboutienne des droits de l’homme, to create an enabling environment for the independent media by repealing the current press law and passing new legislation, that eliminates criminal sanctions for press offences among other provisions, and to guarantee freedom of the media as stipulated in the numerous regional and international treaties ratified by Djibouti. It called on the Government to refrain from harassment, arbitrary arrest and detention of trade unionists and to expand the space available to free and independent activism. 4. Concluding remarks of the State under review 238. In its concluding remarks, Djibouti reiterated that there was no persecution of trade unionists in Djibouti. The press was free; journalists worked in an environment that allowed them to move about and participate in the formulation of policy and to give their views on issues. 239. Djibouti reaffirmed its deep gratitude to the States and representatives of civil society, who in their statements had expressed their interest in the human rights situation in Djibouti. 240. Before the adoption of the outcome of the review, and in compliance with paragraph 32 of Council resolution 5/1, Switzerland invited Djibouti to clarify the status of the eight recommendations listed in paragraph 68 and for which responses were to be provided by Djibouti during the plenary session. The representative of Djibouti confirmed that the concerned noted recommendations were being carefully considered and reviewed by the authorities and that substantive responses would be provided in the future. Canada 241. The review of Canada was held on 3 February 2009, in conformity with all the relevant provisions contained in Council resolution 5/1, and was based on the following documents: (a) The national report submitted by Canada in accordance with the annex to Council resolution 5/1, paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/4/CAN/1); (b) The compilation prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) (A/HRC/WG.6/4/CAN/2); (c) The summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) (A/HRC/WG.6/4/CAN/3). 94 GE.09-16766