A/HRC/4/71 page 21 − Business sector: the inclusion of businesses in anti-corruption efforts is important because they are often involved in corruption. Compliance programmes offer a promising approach by generating internal processes of accountability. These programmes help create a culture of respect for human rights and anti-corruption that is parallel to, yet consistent with, external compliance mechanisms; − The Media: the “nuanced discussion” of the role of the media identified a range of issues requiring attention, including: the powerlessness of the media under certain circumstances; their potential to do great harm (e.g.: in Rwanda); respect for the rule of law and judicial independence as well as the existence of good laws for a free press to operate; ensuring that the media itself is accountable and free of corruption; − Independent official monitoring authorities: the unique contribution of monitoring authorities, such as national human rights institutions and ombudsmen offices, was noted, particularly their provision of a helpful interaction between civil society and government accountability agencies; − Parliament: regarding the importance of the parliament’s role, a number of areas of concern were identified, such as direct bribery designed to influence the drafting of law; the potentially harmful influences of lobbying practices; and election abuses in the form of manipulation of results and campaign financing; − Public participation: engaging the public and expanding its participation in anti-corruption efforts called attention to various issues such as the entitlement of all citizens to lodge complaints with an independent body and expect that they will be investigated; the importance of long-term education, advocacy and information in order to change attitudes; the need to cultivate a “culture of service rather than entitlement”; and the need to distinguish in gift cultures between acceptable sharing and acts of corruption. 49. Concerns regarding capacity and technical assistance accompanied discussions of each sector’s potential contribution to anti-corruption efforts. Mr. Archer noted that participants called for building and strengthening the capacity of all those involved in bringing corruption cases to court (judges, prosecutors, law enforcement agents, etc.). They pointed to the need for technically sophisticated judicial mechanisms to: − Enable courts and judicial officials to deal with the unique features of corruption cases (e.g.: invisibility of victims, secrecy, no paper trail); and − Ensure the successful prosecution of cases without violating human rights. 50. With regard to monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, Mr. Archer noted the importance of clear performance measures and objectives which should be appropriately designed (local, provincial, national, etc.) with similarly appropriate strategies for empowering communities to take action, and the long and complex process involved in building the capacity of both. Ultimately, the public must be able to trust its institutions, therefore rebuilding trust is paramount and, in turn, requires that institutions not only be well constructed, transparent and independent, but also effective and efficient. Finally, attention has been given to: