A/HRC/21/45 Civilizations, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and of regional organizations, which may further contribute to the realization of a more democratic and equitable international order. He will study the future report Fostering cross-cultural understanding for building peaceful and inclusive societies. 31. In particular, the mandate holder recalls civil society initiatives that have born fruit, for example the World Campaign on the Human Right to Peace conducted by the Spanish Society for the Advancement of International Human Rights Law, which concluded on 10 December 2010 with the adoption of the Santiago Declaration on the Human Right to Peace at the International Congress on the Human Right to Peace, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in the context of the World Social Forum on Education for Peace (see www.aedidh.org/?q=node/1853). This Declaration revised the earlier Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace13 in the light of inputs from different cultural sensibilities.14 At the same Congress the Statutes of the International Observatory of the Human Right to Peace were adopted,15 becoming operative on 10 March 2011, and which enjoy the endorsement of some 2,000 civil society organizations, as well as of numerous public institutions and the 22 member States of the Ibero-American Summit.16 IV. Obstacles to the realization of an international order that is more democratic and more equitable 32. The Independent Expert has already held consultations with stakeholders to learn what they perceive to be major obstacles and good practices for the realization of an international order that is more democratic and equitable. Focused questionnaires have been sent and further questionnaires will be addressed to all stakeholders over the next three years. 33. Through informal consultation with members of permanent missions, intergovernmental organizations and NGOs, in particular the academic communities of several countries, and subsequent study of relevant literature, the mandate holder has become aware of numerous concerns that require further study, including the postulate of a hierarchy of human rights as one of the remaining ideological debates between developed and developing countries. In his view, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights are not only interdependent, but they also have equal value and importance. 34. With regard to a more democratic international order, some observers have signalled the need to reform the United Nations and, in particular, the composition of the Security Council so as to make it more responsive to the needs of the 193 States Members of the United Nations. A General Assembly task force on Security Council reform is committed to explore the modalities of Security Council reform. In his report entitled ―In larger freedom: 13 14 15 16 Carmen Rosa Rueda Castañón and Carlos Villán Durán, eds., La Declaración de Luarca sobre el Derecho Humano a la Paz, 2nd ed. (2008); Carlos Villán Durán y Carmelo Faleh Pérez, Contribuciones Regionales para una Declaración Universal del Derecho Humano a la Paz (2010). See Villán Durán and Faleh Pérez, Contribuciones. See www.aedidh.org/?q=node/1857. Carlos Villán Durán, ―The human right to peace: A legislative initiative‖ Spanish Yearbook of International law, Volume XV, 2009 (2011), pp. 143-171 and Carlos Villán Durán, ―Civil society organizations contribution to the Universal Declaration on the Human Right to Peace‖, International Journal on World Peace, vol. 28 (2011), pp. 59-126. See also A. de Zayas, ―Peace as a human right: the jus cogens prohibition of aggression‖ in A. Eide et al., eds., Making Peoples Heard (2011), pp. 27-42. 13

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