A/HRC/RES/44/4 (b) Promoting and making available adequate, effective and appropriate remedies, including reparation, for victims of trafficking, as provided for under international law; (c) Promoting the protection of victims and witnesses of trafficking in persons and the establishment of mechanisms to facilitate, where appropriate, the participation of victims in judicial proceedings; (d) Ensuring for victims and their family members access to justice and safe reporting, and providing trafficked persons with appropriate, relevant and understandable information on their rights, including the right to a remedy, the mechanisms and procedures available to exercise these rights, and on how and where to obtain legal and other necessary assistance; 4. Also calls upon States to intensify their efforts to address, with a view to eliminating, the demand that fosters trafficking in women and children for all forms of exploitation, and in this regard to take or to enhance preventive measures, including legislative and punitive measures, to deter exploiters of trafficked persons, and to ensure their accountability; 5. Further calls upon States to adopt measures aimed to prevent trafficking in persons and to protect victims of trafficking, especially women and children, in their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view to ensuring, inter alia, access to health care and services, adequate water and sanitation services, adequate and safe accommodation and access to information, and to ensuring the continuity and extension of existing support programmes for victims of trafficking; 6. Strongly encourages States to refer to the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking as a useful tool in integrating a human rights-based approach into their responses to fight trafficking in persons; 7. Urges States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to, as a matter of priority, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air in order to encourage Governments to adopt an integrated strategy to better address the complex and very often interrelated components of these modalities of organized crime, namely trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling, taking into consideration the central role of those instruments in the fight against trafficking in persons, and urges States parties to those instruments to implement them fully and effectively; 8. Urges States, the United Nations and other international, regional and subregional organizations, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, the private sector and the media, to implement fully and effectively the relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons and to carry out the activities outlined therein; 9. Encourages States to enhance bilateral, multilateral and/or regional forms of cooperation between States of origin, transit and reception that are effective in preventing and fighting trafficking in persons, and to devise regional communication strategies against trafficking in persons by building on existing cooperation mechanisms through which information and good practices in matters of prevention are shared; 10. Also encourages States to carry out information and awareness-raising campaigns to alert potential victims, both national and foreign, to the risks of falling into the hands of human trafficking criminal organizations and to inform potential or actual victims of trafficking of existing support programmes; 11. Invites States and other interested parties to make further voluntary contributions to the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery and the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children; 5