A/HRC/33/44 segment of the older population. Examples of targeted action include the formulation of rural health plans and the provision of mobile units to provide health services to older persons. 39. Ageing at home is the option often preferred by older persons. A number of countries have designed specific programmes seeking to enable older persons to live in their homes independently for as long as possible. Support and home-care services provided include nursing care, which is also provided for terminally ill older persons, social-care services and domestic assistance to older persons to avoid referral to institutional care and prevent social exclusion. One example of a comprehensive approach is the establishment of mobile multidisciplinary teams that provide social care services and health-care and paramedical services. National civic services may also be a valuable resource to assist older persons who live alone or in community centres. Regular home visits by students allow older persons to remain integrated in the community, while at the same time raising the younger generation’s awareness about the rights of older persons. 40. A central aspect of home-care services, on which little information has been provided and that is not sufficiently covered by human rights instruments, is assistance and support to family members and other informal caregivers. That should include human rights, medical and human resources training, counselling and financial, social and psychological support. The attribution of care credits to informal caregivers in the calculation of their old-age pension is an official recognition of the work undertaken by informal caregivers and reduces the risk of old-age poverty among those who care for their family members, especially women. 41. Care situations can be intensive and demanding and conflict can arise within families, for instance regarding the division of care responsibilities or differing perceptions of the seriousness or impact of the parental situation and needs. Without effective management, such dysfunctional family dynamics can escalate and lead to neglect or abuse. Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism for resolving such conflicts without recourse to formalized legal proceedings. 42. Day-care centres are another way to ensure appropriate care, while avoiding institutionalization and the potential social exclusion of older persons. They also form part of the support network needed by informal caregivers. Another example is the placement in host families of older persons who do not have family support, which requires that a system is in place to provide assistance to the host families and to ensure quality control. 43. The creation of active ageing hubs within new housing estates is an innovative approach that combines learning and leisure activities with various forms of care, from assisted living services to day care and day rehabilitation. 44. There are various forms of institutional care settings providing accommodation while trying to ensure home-like conditions together with integrated health services, as well as social and psychological services, for those in need of care. It is essential in that regard that States establish quality monitoring and effective and transparent accountability mechanisms for public and private care settings and that they provide remedies in case violations are detected, for instance through a dedicated complaint mechanism. That requires clearly defined accreditation requirements and procedures, the development of benchmarks and quality standards, as well as reporting and monitoring guidelines to assess the quality of care by sufficient and well-trained staff, taking into account the evaluations of older persons themselves. A good example is the creation of an inspectorate to provide oversight for the operations of residential homes for older persons. 45. The creation of differentiated therapeutic environments within care settings allows for the provision of services that are adapted to the varying functional abilities of older persons, which creates a supportive environment for people with different needs, GE.16-11742 9