A/HRC/31/19 grievances. In that regard, the Special Representative welcomes the release, in September 2015, of children from the Serendi Rehabilitation Centre in Mogadishu. Handing over these children to child protection actors will help to safeguard their rights. 16. As a key element in protecting children from being unlawfully deprived of their liberty, the Special Representative called on Member States to put in place standard operating procedures for armed forces regarding the handover to child protection actors of children who are captured or who surrender in the course of military operations. In line with the standard operating procedures, armed forces should hand children over as soon as possible after they have been encountered by the military so that they can be reintegrated into society and not be deprived of their liberty. 17. In instances where children are accused of specific crimes during their association with an armed force or group, they should not be brought to trial before military courts or special courts, which often do not fully recognize the special status of juveniles before the law. The Special Representative continued to remind States that children accused of criminal acts should be treated in compliance with due process and juvenile justice standards. Accordingly, the best interests of the child should always be taken into account, detention should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest time possible, and there should be no capital punishment or life imprisonment for children. 18. The Special Representative continued to advocate for the strengthening of protection frameworks for children deprived of their liberty in times of conflict. To that end, she welcomed the adoption of the Basic Principles and Guidelines on Remedies and Procedures on the Right of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty to Bring Proceedings Before a Court, which were submitted to the Human Rights Council in September 2015 (see A/HRC/30/37, annex). The Basic Principles highlight that basic legal safeguards must be provided in all circumstances, including for children deprived of liberty for their protection or rehabilitation, particularly if detained by military or security services. The Special Representative urges the Council to use the tools at its disposal to ensure the implementation of the Basic Principles. The Special Representative is also engaged with other United Nations actors on the initial phase of the in-depth global study on children deprived of liberty, to be prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution 69/157. Moreover, during the reporting period her Office participated in other forums related to the deprivation of liberty of children, such as the subregional workshop on the treatment of children allegedly involved with Boko Haram as alleged offenders, victims and/or witnesses of crime organized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Senegal in October and the expert meeting on juvenile justice in a counter-terrorism context organized by the Global Counterterrorism Forum and the International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law, held in Malta in November. C. Displacement of children as a result of armed conflict 19. Armed conflict has resulted not only in human casualties and physical destruction, but also in forced displacement. In the course of the past year, an ever-growing number of people have fled conflict zones and sought refuge in safer places. UNHCR reports that, globally, one in every 122 persons is now either a refugee, internally displaced or seeking asylum. In many situations, as in the Central African Republic, Iraq, Nigeria, South Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic, children, many of them unaccompanied or separated from their families, represent a high proportion of the displaced population and have been at a particularly high risk of human rights violations and abuses. Children can be victims of grave violations inside and around refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons. Armed groups take advantage of the vulnerability and concentration of displaced 7