A/HRC/44/46 and a failure to systematically ensure that judicial mechanisms were physically, economically, socially and culturally accessible. 68. Persons affected and their families are among those left furthest behind with regard to access to justice as a means to fight back against discrimination and defend their rights. On the one hand, systemic segregation, marginalization, violation, discriminatory legal frames and institutionalized practices, together with subordination and vulnerability, have made it almost impossible for persons affected to acquire access to justice. On the other hand, the centralization of courts and quasi-judicial bodies in urban centres, the cost and length of time of transportation to those places, as well as the non-accessibility of procedures, information and documentation, the non-availability of legal aid, the many deficiencies of the judicial system and the lack of knowledge among public defenders and judicial staff, have curtailed their right to justice. 69. In order to enforce the right to justice and the human rights literacy of a population that struggles with financial, physical and knowledge restrictions, States should take all measures necessary to: remove economic barriers, with the provision of legal aid; remove linguistic and cultural barriers, with the provision of translation and interpretation services, assistance to illiterate individuals and intercultural interpretation; develop partnerships with traditional justice systems for ensuring a rights-based approach to leprosy is taken in contexts of juridical pluralism; systematically record discrimination for supporting research, analysis of risk factors and providing quick, adequate, holistic, efficient and proportional remedies, with easy-to-access mechanisms for making complaints of discrimination; train judicial staff on issues related to leprosy; and build capacity on core human rights of those affected and their families. D. In practice 70. In some countries, like Brazil and Nepal, persons affected have been participating in collegiate bodies, officially instituted working groups and committees. In countries such as Brazil, India and Japan, the existence of and action plans for protecting vulnerable groups, such as inclusion of persons with disabilities, elimination of violence against women and protection of the rights of children and older persons, may benefit persons affected by leprosy and their family members. However, it is necessary to pinpoint affected persons as the main target group of such policies and to monitor their impact and results. The work of some civil society groups deserves to be equally highlighted, including the work of MORHAN in Brazil and the Leprosy Mission and the Leprosy Society in India, in promoting and supporting affected women to take on leadership positions in their organizations and also in forums for institutional participation. VI. Conclusion and recommendations 71. Recommendations for implementing the policy framework presented in the present report are already integrated into the four main areas of the aforementioned policy. The Special Rapporteur calls attention to basic operational principles for the implementation of a rights-based policy for eliminating discrimination and promoting inclusion of persons affected by leprosy and their family members comprising the following tenets: (a) Due recognition of persons affected by leprosy and their family members as rights holders; (b) Substantive equality and inclusive governance as core paradigms of antidiscrimination policies; (c) schemes; Adjustment or creation of adequate institutional arrangements and (d) Meaningful participation of the target group, recognized as lay experts, in policymaking, monitoring and evaluation; 18