A/HRC/20/22 (b) Training 83. Some news organizations and NGOs, for example IFJ, INSI and Article 19, provide journalists with safety training, which includes risk awareness and avoidance and first aid. The Rory Peck Trust funds such training. 84. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) provides first-aid courses for journalists in cooperation with national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and also training on international humanitarian law. ICRC is currently developing a new tool on the training of journalists. Pilot courses are being implemented in Tunisia. 85. The ―Green Book‖ issued by the Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom provides a positive example by providing clear instructions on how military staff must treat media workers in the field. (c) Diplomatic channels 86. Governments can use diplomatic channels and diplomatic protection to address the plight of their nationals in other countries. (d) Emergency helplines and contacts 87. Both RWB and INSI have established 24-hour emergency contact points for journalists in trouble. ICRC provides a permanent hotline and e-mail contact to report a missing, wounded, or detained journalist and request assistance. (e) Support for journalists at risk or in hiding 88. Colombia has initiated, with some success, a programme for the protection of those at risk, including journalists.78 The Government of Sweden, within the context of its Special Initiative for Democratization and Freedom of Expression, funded a safe house for journalists in Kalmar, Sweden. 89. One of the high-profile activities of CPJ is its support for journalists forced to go into hiding.79 90. ICRC plays an ongoing role, for example in tracking missing journalists and evacuating wounded journalists. 91. Further support that some journalists receive from NGOs, employers or others includes loans of equipment, evacuation, medical care, counselling and support for families. IV. Conclusions 92. Significant changes in the substantive legal provisions of international law related to the protection of journalists are not necessary; the challenge lies rather with the implementation of the existing normative framework at the international (including regional) and national levels. At this stage, there does not appear to be a need for a new global treaty dealing specifically with the safety of journalists. 93. The issue of the safety of journalists must be elevated in the public consciousness. Wider attention must be drawn to the prevalence of attacks on 78 79 See CPJ, ―Attacks on the press 2002: Colombia‖, available from http://cpj.org/2003/03/attacks-onthe-press-2002-colombia.php. See http://cpj.org/campaigns/assistance/what-we-do.php. 17