A/HRC/25/72 in Timbuktu and on 1 November in Gao. To date, 85 of Timbuktu’s 460 schools and 195 of Gao’s 569 schools may have to remain closed for security reasons. In Kidal, no school has opened, although MNLA has expressed its intention to do so. 86. Some progress has been made with the provision of basic services thanks to efforts by the authorities and their humanitarian and development partners. However, much remains to be done to continue to meet the urgent needs of the population and help the authorities to reintroduce and ensure lasting rehabilitation of basic services and infrastructures and restore the means of subsistence of persons affected by the crisis. 87. On 27 November 2013, the Council of Ministers adopted bills on the establishment, organization and operation of a National Employment and Training Observatory. This new body is responsible for coordinating the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of information on the labour market in order to ensure a better balance between needs and possibilities. On 16 October 2013, the Council of Ministers of the new Government also adopted a draft decree regulating the collection and sale of raw diamonds in line with the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in order to prevent the purchase of diamonds placed by rebel movements on the world market to finance their activities. 88. With regard to cultural rights, the independent expert noted that during the occupation of northern Mali by armed groups, the cultural heritage and cultural practices and expressions in Timbuktu and Gao were prime targets of systematic and generalized attacks by jihadi groups. In Timbuktu, 11 of 16 mausoleums on the list of World Heritage Sites were destroyed, as were the 2 mausoleums of the Djingareyber mosque and the El Farouk monument. The sacred door of the Sidi Yahia was broken down. Approximately 4,200 manuscripts from the Ahmed Baba Institute of Higher Learning and Islamic Research were burned by armed groups. In the Gao region, the El Kebir mausoleum was destroyed in October 2012. In Douentza, the big toguna in the centre of the town was pillaged and its sculpted pillars burned. The intangible cultural heritage was also affected by the events. 89. The independent expert welcomes the efforts being made by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and MINUSMA to establish an inventory of Mali’s intangible cultural heritage and to restore and protect the country’s cultural heritage. He also notes with appreciation that the cultural dimension is taken into account in the mandate of MINUSMA. Security Council resolution 2100 (2013) is the first to include the protection of cultural and historical sites in the mandate of a peacekeeping operation. 90. The independent expert noted in particular that the President of Mali had explained to him his vision of how important it was for modern human rights to be based on the solid cultural bedrock of humanism and tolerance which the Malian people, with its rich diversity, has developed over time. In that connection, the new Manden Charter, proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga at the beginning of the thirteenth century by the founder of the Mandinka Empire and inscribed in 2009 in the List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, is a real source of inspiration for contemporary human rights. IV. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 91. The dramatic events of January and March 2012 highlighted the vulnerability of Mali, a developing country with weakened State structures, in the face of an alliance of convenience between Malian rebels and armed jihadi groups from outside the country. Although routed in early 2013 through the intervention of France and 16 GE.14-10118