A/HRC/16/63 secured access to productive resources, including land, seeds, small-scale irrigation, fishing grounds or forests, is not recognized explicitly in any international human rights instruments. There is therefore a need to elaborate a new international instrument on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas. 65. In June 2008, after more than seven years of consultation with the organizations of its members, La Via Campesina adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Peasants – Men and Women.86 It presented the Declaration as a response to the world food crisis before the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly in 2009.87 The Declaration offers an interesting basis for the recognition of the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas, elaborated by an organization that brings together 148 organizations in 69 countries and is estimated to represent more than 200 millions peasants, smallholder farmers, agricultural workers, indigenous people, peasant women and landless people worldwide. 66. The Declaration of the Rights of Peasants could serve as a model. Its structure follows that of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In article 1, it gives a definition of a peasant, which includes small-scale farmers, landless peasants and non-agricultural households in rural areas, whose members are engaged in fishing, making crafts for the local market or providing services, and other rural households of pastoralists, nomads, peasants practising shifting cultivation, hunters and gatherers, and people with similar livelihoods. It reaffirms the rights to life and to an adequate standard of living (art. 3); the right to freedoms of association, opinion and expression (art. 12) and the right to have access to justice (art. 13). In addition, it recognizes new rights that could reinforce the protection of peasants against discrimination. These include the right to land and territory (art. 4); the right to seeds and traditional agricultural knowledge and practice (art. 5); the right to means of agricultural production (art. 6); the right to information and agricultural technology (art. 7); the freedom to determine prices and markets for agricultural production (art. 8); the right to the protection of local agricultural values (art. 9); the right to biological diversity (art. 10); and the right to preserve the environment (art. 11). 67. Fisher communities have expressed the same needs in seminars in different continents in 2010.88 The different groups working in rural areas, and in particular peasant farmers, small landholders, landless workers, fisher-folk, hunters and gatherers, are coming together to defend greater recognition of their rights in international human rights law. VI. Conclusion 68. Smallholder farmers, landless people, tenant farmers, agricultural labourers and people living from traditional fishing, hunting and herding activities are among the most discriminated and vulnerable people in many parts of the world. Every year, thousands of peasant farmers are the victims of expropriation of land, forced evictions and displacements - a situation that could reach an unprecedented level owing to the new phenomenon of the global “land grab”. At the same time, traditional fishing communities are increasingly threatened by the industrialization of fishing activities; 86 87 88 20 A/HRC/13/32, annex. See statement of La Via Campesina before the General Assembly of 6 April 2009, at www.viacampesina.org. See for example the conclusions of the workshop on the theme “Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries: bringing together responsible fisheries and social development”, San José, 20-22 October 2010.

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