A/HRC/28/69 document A/HRC/25/65. The coordination and active participation of Government institutions indicated that the attacks were conducted as a matter of institutional policy. 58. The massacres and unlawful killings formed part of those attacks and constitute crimes against humanity. Government forces also committed the war crime of murder and has arbitrarily deprived people of life. 2. Non-State armed groups Anti-Government armed groups 59. Anti-Government armed groups have killed civilians during ground attacks in Hama governorate. They have also caused civilians deaths through indiscriminate shelling of neighbourhoods, villages and towns controlled by the Government. Ground attacks 60. In mid-August 2014, fighters from an unidentified armed group entered a village in the Al-Salamiyah countryside (Hama). Villagers fled at the sound of approaching gunfire. The following day, residents returned and found the bodies of an elderly couple, who had been too infirm to flee, and their daughter. They had been shot. The bodies had been cut with a knife though it is unclear if those wounds were sustained before or after death. Armed groups had reportedly shot and killed civilians travelling between Al-Qbaibat and Al-Saboura in early 2014. It was not possible to identify the armed group to the commission’s standard of proof. Bombings and shelling 61. Armed groups have launched indiscriminate attacks on areas under Government control in Hama, Damascus, Dara’a, and Aleppo, killing civilians. 62. Armed groups have increased their use of vehicle-borne and other improvised explosive devices in Hama governorate. In August, two civilian men were killed by a roadside bomb placed on the Al-Kafat – Taldara road. A few weeks later, in September, another roadside IED was detonated as a car drove between Al-Kafat and Taldara. The explosion killed a father and his child and severely injured the mother. On 24 September, Jabhat Al-Nusra claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing which killed two people and injured 10 others in Ain Amouda village. 63. On 4 and 9 September 2014, an armed group fired rockets into villages in the AlGhab area (Hama) killing civilians. On 12 November, rockets fired from the direction of Kafr Zeita struck a schoolyard in Karnaz (Hama), killing seven children. 64. Armed groups holding territory in Damascus city and eastern Ghouta in Rif Damascus have indiscriminately shelled neighbourhoods under Government control, causing civilian casualties. On 31 July, two children were killed while standing on their balcony in Karm Asmadi neighbourhood when they were hit by mortar fire. On 13 August, a shell landed in a public park in Jaramana neighbourhood, killing three children. On 20 and 30 September, an armed group fired mortars into Douelaa neighbourhood, killing civilians – including minors – on both occasions. 65. IEDs were also placed on roads between villages in western Suweida western countryside (As-Suweida). On 3 September, one exploded between Dama and Areeqah as a bus drove past. Five civilians were killed. Armed groups around Busra Al-Sham (Dara’a) shelled the town throughout 2014, killing civilians. On 26 December, a six-month-old baby was reportedly killed by mortar fire into Zahra (Aleppo). Findings 34