A/HRC/12/36 page 13 47. The International Labour Organization proposed that the second phase target marginalized and exploited children, since human rights education is one of the key measures to protect children, in particular girls, from exploitation. It recommended that the second phase should run for a minimum of three years. 48. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) identified, on the basis of information supplied by National Commissions for UNESCO, teachers and school personnel as possible target sectors in view of insufficient pre-service and in-service training and lack of clear guidelines and relevant materials for teachers and school personnel, including managers and administrators, at the local level in many of its member States. In the view of UNESCO, the lack of effective partnerships with the media limited the social change that human rights education sought to encourage. A change in the mindsets of societies is necessary for the full respect of everyone’s rights, as is closer cooperation with media professionals. 49. Regarding themes, UNESCO highlighted the role of human rights education, particularly in post-conflict situations, remembrance, and inter-religious dialogue. Adequate resources needed to be allocated in order to secure a solid follow-up to these issues. The role of research and higher education was also underlined with the following suggestions: further development of university degree programmes specialized in human rights education; development of methods to measure the impact of human rights education, serving to ensure sustainability through well-planned follow-up; and better coordination of the various stakeholders involved in human rights education research and capacity-building. The length of the second phase would depend on the target and objective of the phase. 50. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, the International Maritime Organization, and the World Food Programme responded briefly, but were not in a position to offer detailed input on this subject. V. RESPONSES FROM NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 51. The Amnesty International - International Secretariat supported firstly, the continuation, consolidation and comprehensive evaluation of efforts under the first phase focusing on primary and secondary education. Secondly, it recommended the expansion of the Programme to include non-formal education, thereby ensuring that human rights education reaches out to the most vulnerable groups through non-formal and participatory methodologies, so that they have the knowledge, skills and tools to apply a human rights framework to claim their rights and hold duty bearers to account. Amnesty International further stressed a specific focus on young people. When educated within a human rights framework, they can be empowered to take action in their local and global communities to ensure realization of their own rights, or those of others. Additionally, the World Programme should focus on educators, both in the formal and non-formal education sectors. Focus on training and capacity-building of educators ensures that they have the skills and resources to teach about human rights in a rights-respecting way. Amnesty International did not explicitly frame its submission to support a theme based on any particular human right, but would recommend eradication of poverty as a theme for the second phase if one had to be chosen.