A/HRC/38/39
necessary, when they fail in their human rights obligations towards internally displaced
persons.
27.
In this twentieth anniversary year, it is important to look beyond the statistics to
elaborate on the actual lived experiences of those who experience internal displacement.
Each number constitutes the life of an individual. Without exception, the experience of
internal displacement is traumatic, life-changing and frequently life-threatening, and
accompanied by multiple challenges. Each person displaced has lost access not only to the
home that offered shelter from the elements, but also security, dignity, cherished
possessions, livelihoods, memories and a sense of belonging and community.
28.
For children suffering internal displacement and the violence and human rights
violations often associated with it, the experience is particularly traumatic and confusing,
often leading to long-lasting psychosocial issues and difficulties that commonly go
untreated. Deprived of education, stability and routine often for months or years, it is no
exaggeration to speak of a lost generation of young people in some displacement situations.
Too often, displaced women and girls experience the further atrocity of sexual violence or
rape, exploitation or the threat of violence, sometimes even from those who should be
protecting them. There is increasing evidence that sexual violence against men and boys
during crises may also be far more widespread than was previously understood.3 While the
physical wounds may heal, the psychological and social impacts of displacement and
violence are often deep and require far greater attention.
29.
Within the statistics, a multitude of challenges and vulnerabilities exist. For older
persons with strong ties to their homes and weaker coping mechanisms than the young, the
experience can be shocking and disorientating, as they find themselves in unfamiliar
surroundings. For those with disabilities, the experience brings immense new problems,
sometimes relating to their mobility or their ability to access basic assistance and services,
including food and the specialist health care or support they need. For those who may face
discrimination in daily life generally, such as minorities, indigenous peoples, or members of
the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex communities, displacement can
exacerbate the challenges and threats that they face and they may find themselves targeted,
marginalized or excluded from assistance.
30.
Internally displaced persons frequently lose access to their livelihoods and must
begin again or acquire new skills. They often lose or are deprived of essential documents
that may restrict their access to assistance, services or opportunities. In some circumstances
they may fear contact with or lack trust in the authorities who have the responsibility to
assist them and prefer to seek anonymity. With incomes gone and resources quickly
dwindling, they may be reliant on humanitarian assistance or the generosity of host families
or communities or fall into negative coping strategies. Some join migrant routes or leave to
seek asylum. The impact of internal displacement can rapidly be felt by wider communities,
including those hosting internally displaced persons, who may also require assistance.
31.
In 2018, the reality is that millions of internally displaced persons have been left
entirely to fend for themselves, often within hostile urban environments and frequently with
little or no knowledge of their rights or the expectation of assistance. Too often the support
required by these highly vulnerable individuals, families or communities, whose lives have
been devastated by internal displacement, is simply inadequate or absent altogether. In
other scenarios, the necessary support and humanitarian assistance are available; however,
over time, rather than supporting a process of recovery towards durable solutions, they do
not adequately adapt and evolve beyond the emergency assistance phase and leave
internally displaced persons trapped in a cycle of aid dependency.
32.
Each year throws up new internal displacement situations, sometimes for authorities
who have not experienced displacement before, either as a result of conflict, climate change,
slow- or rapid-onset disasters, or other unexpected events. Recent experience of the
mandate has demonstrated the ongoing importance of the Guiding Principles, which
3
8
See UNHCR, “We keep it in our heart. Sexual violence against men and boys in the Syria crisis”
(October 2017), available from http://bit.ly/2ixGr1y.
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