A/HRC/18/21 Undertake immediate measures to end the use and recruitment of children; demobilize those who have already been recruited and cooperate with the United Nations for their integration into their communities; Refrain from any action that will deprive the population of basic services, such as electricity, fuel and water, and undertake urgent actions to restore basic services and access to basic supplies, in particular electricity, fuel, water, medical supplies, health and education facilities; Urgently define and implement a comprehensive programme aimed at ensuring the protection of all those affected by the long standing conflict in the northern Sa’ada province, particularly IDPs; Enhance cooperation with the United Nations, including implementing the recommendations of the treaty bodies, the universal periodic review (UPR) and Special Procedures; extending a standing invitation to all thematic Special Procedures; ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and the Rome Statute; implement the recommendations contained in the Secretary-General’s Report to the General Assembly and the Security Council on children and armed conflict (A/59/695-S/2005/72); Strengthen cooperation with OHCHR and explore potential avenues in that regard; Expedite steps to establish a national human rights institution in line with the Paris Principles, as agreed during the UPR in 2009. Take measures to preserve the gains made by women in the past months, in terms of public participation, and translate them into lasting achievements by adopting a Constitutional amendment introducing a quota for women in parliamentary elections; Take immediate steps to redress disparities in standards of living and access to health, education, employment and social support structures, in particular those affecting women, youth and marginalized communities across the country. 89. With a view to the restoration of peace and order, all armed opposition groups should: Remove all weapons, ranging from small fire arms to rocket launchers, from public areas of peaceful demonstrations such as sit ins and marches, and ensure that none of their supporters or those under their command open fire from within peaceful demonstrations thereby putting the demonstrators at risk of return fire. Ensure that no children under the age of 18 years, among their supporters or under their command, participate in checkpoint activities or in protecting protesters. Cease all acts of violence, harassment, threats and all attempts to intimidate demonstrators expressing opposing points of view; - Release all civilians held in detention centres under opposition control; Recognizing that shortages in fuel, water and electricity cause and have caused extreme hardship, including death in some cases, to innocent civilians, refrain from attacking targets that provide such essential services to the civilian population; Cooperate with investigations into abuses that may have been committed by armed men under opposition command, and introduce transparent administrative 18