A/HRC/2/2 A/HRC/Sub.1/58/36 page 20 4. Reiterates its call to Member States to spare no effort in providing for effective legislative and other mechanisms and procedures, as well as adequate resources, to ensure the full implementation of those standards; 5. Reaffirms the importance of combating impunity as a fundamental obstacle to the observance of human rights and recalls Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/35 of 19 April 2005 by which it adopted the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, and welcomes the efforts of States and the United Nations international criminal tribunals to work in a complementary manner to ensure that violations of human rights do not go unpunished; 6. Expresses its conviction that the issue of amnesty as a means of settling conflicts remains a continuing concern because of the possibility that perpetrators of serious human rights will escape accountability for their actions and also notes the need for further study in this area; 7. Emphasizes the importance of the accountability of United Nations staff in peace support operations and underlines the importance of further study in this area; 8. Reaffirms the importance of reaching a better understanding through further study and debate of the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law, including issues relating to the loss by civilians of their right to protection during conflicts and the circumstances in which a party can open fire under international humanitarian law and human rights law; 9. Emphasizes the importance and urgency of national and international efforts to restore justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict situations and, where relevant, in the context of the transitional process, to ensure accountability and justice, to promote and achieve reconciliation and to restore confidence in the institutions of the State, in accordance with international human rights standards and the principle of non-discrimination; 10. Recalls Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/70 of 20 April 2005 on human rights and transitional justice and the report of the Secretary-General on the rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S/2004/616), and notes with interest the study on the right to the truth and the study on human rights and transitional justice activities undertaken by the human rights components of the United Nations system, (E/CN.4/2006/93) both by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; 11. Welcomes the recent publication by the Office of the High Commissioner of five publications in the series Rule-of-law tools for post-conflict States which focus respectively on prosecution initiatives, truth and reconciliation commissions, mapping the justice sector, an operational framework for vetting, and legal systems monitoring; 12. Notes that the right to an effective remedy in practice remains a significant goal that has yet to be obtained in many States, and emphasizes the need for further conceptual analysis and study in this regard;