A/HRC/15/48 For the United Nations 75. Of all the anthropogenic humanitarian crises that United Nations is presently dealing with, the crisis in Somalia is perhaps the most challenging. It also offers perhaps the most creative opportunities. If Somalia is the most “failed” State in the world today, the United Nations has the unique opportunity to steer its revival. Such an opportunity does not exist for the United Nations in Afghanistan, Iraq or elsewhere, where there are other “big” players to lead. The United Nations has thus a special responsibility for Somalia. 76. The United Nations should take the lead in raising and holding the attention of the international community on the terrible plight of the Somali people until a satisfactory solution has been found. It should not be lost sight of simply because there is no big power interest in Somalia today. Through its efforts and activities, the United Nations should constantly highlight the dangers of the Somali conflict spilling over in the region. In doing so, it must also highlight the positive developments arising from the military/security/counter–terrorism/insurgency strategy that it is trying to put in place in Somalia. It must continue its efforts to ensure that adequate resources, including in the security and military sectors, are in place to create and sustain positive progress towards the end of the transitional process in August 2011 and beyond, till Somalia springs back from a failed State to a revived State. 77. The United Nations must ensure greater integration and coherence among all agencies working for Somalia and make sure that all its activities are specifically focused on protecting and promoting human rights and humanitarian law. In this regard, the Human Rights Unit attached to UNPOS should be strengthened and upgraded so that it can fulfil its role to act as focal point for all United Nations activities in this field. It has unfortunately not been able to play this role effectively so far apparently because of cumbersome recruitment processes of the United Nations, as a result of which during the course of the last two years it had to make do with stop–gap arrangements. This must change and a special dispensation should be considered for Somalia, if necessary. Together with security, human rights and respect for humanitarian law must receive the highest attention from the United Nations in Somalia. To give more visibility to human rights concerns, a robust reporting strategy on human rights issues should be established. 78. OHCHR should offer help to TFG in developing its universal periodic review report which is due in 2011. While OHCHR has not been able to make much headway in building technical capacity of TFG in regard to human rights because of ground realities, the report could serve as a baseline to identify human rights needs of the Government. 79. OHCHR–UNPOS should ensure systematic documentation of human rights and humanitarian law abuses currently taking place in Somalia with a view to identifying the perpetrators. For this purpose, staff from the agencies should undertake regular visits to IDP camps in Somalia and refugee camps in neighbouring countries. A mechanism should be found to systematically document human rights violations, to make recommendations to ensure accountability and to follow up on such recommendations. IDPs and newly arrived refugees in neighbouring countries are an important source of information about the current situation in Somalia. The establishment of such a mechanism would send a strong message to the perpetrators of human rights and humanitarian law violations in Somalia that they are being watched and will eventually be made to account for their crimes. 80. The Secretary–General should consider the establishment of an Independent International Commission of Inquiry into human rights and humanitarian law 17