A/HRC/31/53
59.
Finally, implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is highly important
to the promotion of human rights and environmental protection. Accordingly, integrating
the Goals into national priorities provides an opportunity for States to advance human rights
related to the environment.
2.
National human rights institutions and ombudspersons
60.
In his report on good practices, the Special Rapporteur underlined the importance of
using national human rights institutions to address environmental issues. Many of these
bodies have jurisdiction to examine alleged violations of rights related to the environment
and are increasingly focusing on environmental concerns. To highlight one of many
possible examples, Hungary established an ombudsperson for future generations in 2007,
which has the authority to initiate or participate in investigations upon receiving
complaints, to submit petitions to the constitutional court and to initiate intervention in
public administrative court cases regarding environmental protection. National human
rights commissions that have not already done so should strongly consider addressing
environmental concerns within their mandates, and their efforts in this respect should be
supported by national governments.
D.
Civil society organizations
61.
Civil society organizations have engaged in many exemplary practices to facilitate
the implementation of human rights related to the environment, including facilitating public
participation, providing technical assistance to government institutions, training relevant
actors and adopting measures to protect human rights defenders. In addition, civil society
organizations have been very active participants in international meetings and have
contributed to the development of instruments such as the Extractive Industries
Transparency Initiative, the United Nations Global Compact and the Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights. Examples of their good practices are listed in the report of the
Special Rapporteur on good practices and at www.environmentalrightsdatabase.org. The
report and database also include examples of good practices by other non-State actors,
including corporations, which have responsibilities under the Guiding Principles to respect
human rights, including those relating to environmental protection.
62.
Although there are too many examples to list them all here, this section highlights
three methods of implementation that are particularly useful models.
63.
First, civil society organizations have taken the lead in pioneering efforts to protect
environmental human rights defenders from harassment and violence. Groups such as the
Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’homme, the Organisation mondiale
contre la torture, FORUM-ASIA, Protection International, the Environmental Law Alliance
Worldwide, Front Line Defenders and the Women Human Rights Defenders International
Coalition provide a wide range of services to environmental defenders, including relocation
support, legal assistance, training, and publicity (see A/HRC/28/61, para. 54). Particularly
noteworthy as an effort to raise awareness of the problem are the efforts of the organization
Global Witness, which has called attention to the situation of environmental human rights
defenders in a series of well-researched reports and campaigns. 12
12
See Deadly Environment: The Dramatic Rise in Killings of Environmental and Land Defenders
1.1.2002-31.12.2013 (April 2014), available from www.globalwitness.org/en-gb/campaigns/
environmental-activists/deadly-environment/; and How Many More? 2014’s Deadly Environment: the
Killing and Intimidation of Environmental and Land Activists, with a Spotlight on Honduras (April
13
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