A/HRC/21/26 they are exposed to violence from adolescent male detainees or from male prison guards. 121 Furthermore, overcrowding is frequently a serious problem.122 47. Children deprived of their liberty not only face unsatisfactory material conditions and lack of adequate facilities, but also have limited access to fresh air, are not provided with adequate food and are faced with poor sanitary conditions. 123 Moreover, detention centres are sometimes centralized in the main cities, making children’s regular contact with their families and communities difficult.124 48. Children deprived of their liberty lack access to adequate education and vocational training in a number of countries.125 Moreover, children are not provided with sufficient recreational and learning activities or opportunities to engage in any kind of physical or cultural activity.126 Facilities for physical and psychological recovery, assistance and social reintegration of children in conflict with the law before and after release are absent or insufficient.127 In some cases, education is limited to male adolescent detainees and facilities and programmes for physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of girls are not adequately provided.128 49. The fact that during their detention children are faced with high levels of violence, including sexual violence, and that protection from such violence is not always adequate, is of particular concern.129 Children under police arrest and in pretrial detention are subjected to different forms of abuse, torture and ill-treatment, in particular with the aim of forcibly 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, concluding observations: Canada (CEDAW/C/CAN/CO/7), para. 33. Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Kenya (CRC/C/KEN/CO/2), para. 67; Committee against Torture, concluding observations: Nicaragua (CAT/C/NIC/CO/1), para. 22; Russian Federation (CAT/C/RUS/CO/4), para. 17. Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Afghanistan (CRC/C/AFG/CO/1), para. 74(f); report on the visit of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to Benin (CAT/OP/BEN/1), para. 278; report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: Mission to Uruguay (A/HRC/13/39/Add.2), para. 60. Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Guatemala (CRC/C/GTM/CO/3-4), para. 98(d); Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, concluding observations: Germany (CEDAW/C/DEU/CO/6), para. 57. Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Slovenia (CRC/C/SLV/CO/3-4), para. 87(e); Burkina Faso (CRC/C/BFA/CO/3-4), para. 76(h); Romania (CRC/C/ROM/CO/4), para. 91(f). Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Argentina (CRC/C/ARG/CO/3-4), para. 79; Sierra Leone (CRC/C/SLE/CO/2), para. 76; Report on the visit of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to Mexico (CAT/OP/MEX/1), para. 246. Committee on the Rights of the Child, concluding observations: Belarus (CRC/C/BLR/CO/3-4), para. 71; Mali (CRC/C/MLI/CO/2), para. 70; Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, concluding observations: United Kingdom (CEDAW/C/UK/CO/6), para. 266. Report on the visit of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to Benin (CAT/OP/BEN/1), para. 275; Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, concluding observations: Germany (CEDAW/C/DEU/CO/6), para. 57. Committee against Torture, concluding observations: Ethiopia (CAT/C/ETH/CO/1), para. 26; Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, concluding observations: Democratic Republic of Congo (E/C.12/COD/CO/4), para. 28; Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, concluding observations: Zimbabwe (CEDAW/C/ZMB/CO/5-6), para. 21. 15