A/HRC/45/52 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Situating the mandate of the Independent Expert .......................................................................... 3 III. Engagement with international and regional human rights systems .............................................. 3 IV. Recent developments..................................................................................................................... 4 A. Political, security and economic developments .................................................................... 4 B. Humanitarian situation.......................................................................................................... 6 C. Human rights implications of the coronavirus disease ......................................................... 7 Main human rights challenges ....................................................................................................... 8 A. Violations of the right to life................................................................................................. 8 B. Violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression............................................... 10 C. Strengthening the rule of law and accountability .................................................................. 11 D. Economic, social and cultural rights ..................................................................................... 13 E. Promoting women’s rights and gender equality ................................................................... 16 F. Protecting children from armed conflict ............................................................................... 17 VI. Technical cooperation and the Somalia National Development Plan 2020–2024 ......................... 18 VII. Conclusion and way forward ......................................................................................................... 19 V. 2