A/HRC/14/22 gross and systematic violations characterized by large numbers of victims and perpetrators, weak Governments, fragile economies, scarce governmental resources and huge reconstruction and development challenges. In such contexts, remedies may have to be adjusted to achieve goals other than that of compensating each individual victim in proportion to harm, including prioritizing the recognition of victims and promoting interpersonal trust and trust in the institutions of the new State order. 19. It is important to draw a distinction between reparation measures and other rehabilitation measures. Sometimes, especially when the emphasis is placed on rehabilitation services as measures of redress, the line that divides reparation measures for gross violations from social assistance, humanitarian intervention measures and general development-oriented policies gets blurred. 20. Reparation measures express the obligation of the State to provide redress to victims when, by action or omission, it has infringed against their rights. Social policy and development measures are measures addressed at the entire population to ensure that each and every person can meaningfully enjoy all rights recognized by the State. They are inspired by notions of redistributive justice and should primarily target those sectors of the population which have traditionally been discriminated against and structurally disadvantaged, including women. Humanitarian intervention measures are measures of temporal assistance to victims of natural and human-made disasters, aimed at ensuring their subsistence, alleviating their suffering and protecting their dignity and basic rights during the crisis. They rest on basic notions of solidarity and the obligation of the State to protect rights but, unlike reparations, they are not remedial measures that express State responsibility for the violation of rights. 21. At the level of State practice, national Governments dealing with a legacy of systemic violations have been increasingly prone to supplementing the transitional justice mechanisms they put in place with the adoption of reparation initiatives and comprehensive reparation programmes for victims of human rights violations. Such programmes try to simplify a complex reality by selecting, among the violations that took place during the conflict or the repressive period, those that are considered most serious and distributing a set of benefits among victims and family members. Although they vary significantly, these programmes rarely reproduce the five categories of reparations set forth in the Basic Principles and Guidelines. Instead, they are mainly organized around the distinction between material and symbolic measures and modalities of distribution, including individual and collective distribution. Reparation programmes are also being used in consolidated democracies to try to provide redress for specific and systematic practices perpetrated and/or condoned by the State targeting certain groups of the population. 2. Bringing women into the reparations debate 22. Women are of course addressed in all the human rights and humanitarian law treaties that contemplate a right to a remedy. Unfortunately, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is not particularly explicit regarding women’s right to remedies, reparation or compensation. Article 2 (c) provides only that States parties undertake to ensure the effective protection of women against any act of discrimination through competent national tribunals and other public institutions. This contrasts with article 6 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination which refers to the obligation of States to assure “adequate reparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such [racial] discrimination” and article 14 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment which requires that States ensure that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. 8 GE.10-13109