A/HRC/42/60/Add.1 of living) and reducing poverty will meet UN SDG targets and fulfil human rights obligations. Those left behind are inevitably experiencing detrimental effects on one or more determinants and more than one human right or freedom is engaged. 24. As Cambodia finalises its new National Strategic Development Plan in furtherance of the Rectangular Strategy IV and linked to a range of associated strategies, there is time to identify those in most danger of being left behind and intensify efforts to improve their situation. III. Examples of those in danger of being left behind and discriminated against 25. The following examples are drawn from existing government, UN and civil society organisation concerns. It is not an exhaustive list, merely representative. In particular, it draws on vulnerable groups identified in previous reports of the Special Rapporteur. A. Children 26. In addition to the core human rights treaties, of additional relevance to children, Cambodia has ratified the ILO Convention No. 182 (The Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour), the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially women and children and the first two optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on involving children in armed conflict and on the sale of children, child prostitution and pornography. Cambodia has yet to ratify the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education. 27. Cambodia has a young population, and the government has invested in a number of measures to support young people including in education (SDG4). Corruption has been reduced especially in the final high school examinations and the quality and accessibility of education has been improved at all levels. Bilingual programmes are available for indigenous children. The Special Rapporteur remains concerned about the situation of children from indigenous and ethnic minority groups, including children of Vietnamese descent, who still suffered disadvantages, including in relation to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability of education. UNESCO has stated that Cambodia should be encouraged to ensure universal, compulsory and free basic education by taking effective targeted inclusive measures for vulnerable groups, such as persons with disabilities and child labourers, and progressively realize 12 years of free education.36 More work is also required to ensure children who have been working or exploited are able to return to education. 37 28. The Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has expressed its concern about reports of continued sexual exploitation of children in the context of travel and tourism, especially in rural areas, the so-called orphanage tourism, in which children in institutions and orphanages were being exposed to sexual exploitation by foreigners, such as tourists and volunteer workers.38 The CRC urged Cambodia to strengthen its regulatory framework and awareness-raising measures, including in rural areas, and to take all necessary measures to ensure that all cases of child sex tourism and orphanage tourism were investigated and that alleged perpetrators were prosecuted and duly sanctioned. 39 The situation has improved with 36 37 38 39 UNESCO, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRKHUNContributionsS18.aspx, p. 6. APLE Cambodia and ECPAT International, Sexual Exploitation of Children in Cambodia Submission, 9 July 2018 for the Universal Periodic Review of the human rights situation in Cambodia to the Human Rights Council 32nd Session (January-February 2019), UPR third cycle 2017 – 2021. CRC/C/OPSC/KHM/CO/1, paras. 18–19, see also Joint submission 8, UPR2019 https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRKHStakeholdersInfoS32.aspx. CRC/C/OPSC/KHM/CO/1, paras. 18–19. Note that the Ministry of Interior communicated in August 2019, that during the first six months of 2019, one US national was arrested on child prostitution, three Cambodia nationals were arrested for trafficking minors, six Cambodians were arrested for trafficking offences related to child prostitution, thirty-one suspects (including six minors) were arrested on suspicion of sexual relations with minors under fifteen years and fourteen suspects 9