A/HRC/37/61 emphasis is on providing urgent life-saving food assistance, it is crucial to strengthen the resilience of the communities affected. 106. Food assistance, although having a vital role as part of the humanitarian system, suffers from serious financial constraints and lack of coordination. Solving chronic hunger in a situation of natural disasters combined with other calamities requires various forms of assistance — deploying a range of humanitarian, economic, political and even military tactics. This will only be possible if there are coordinated political and financial commitments by developed countries. The effects of such disasters can be overwhelming, with historically high numbers of victims in terms of migrants and refugees forced to leave their homes. 107. The root causes of food insecurity in the context of natural disasters and postdisaster settings needs to be understood and addressed together with other global problems. Climate change has long-term and deeper impacts on food insecurity that eventually could bring conflicts to countries that have limited capacity to cope, which could then become trapped in a vicious cycle of conflict, disaster and food insecurity. At the same time, while such countries have contributed only minimally to greenhouse gas emissions, most of the countries that donate to food assistance are significantly responsible for climate change. Therefore, increasing finance to support developing countries in tackling climate change impacts, through adaptation and by addressing loss and damage, is essential. 108. Recognizing the negative impacts that human rights violations have on the effectiveness of relief operations, humanitarian reform efforts are increasingly seeking to incorporate a rights-based approach in the programming, targeting and distribution of food assistance. Beyond the implicit ideas of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights, the participation of affected populations in decisionmaking processes, cultural appropriateness, non-discrimination, the protection of vulnerable groups, and gender-based assessments will be helpful to improve fragmented systems and to reform disaster management governance. 109. It is important to consider the right to food as a collective right as well as an individual right, as disasters and emergency situations have an impact on society as a whole, as well as on distinct communities. This approach can be found in several United Nations instruments, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas, article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, the International Labour Organization (ILO) Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), and agenda 21, chapter 26, from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Summit). 110. Interpreting the right to food in a humanitarian context as a collective right would give a holistic approach to improving food systems, provide additional legal protection to communities for their access to resources and assets, protect and strengthen traditional food systems and local knowledge, coincident with recovering from emergencies. In other words, emergencies offer an opportunity to introduce food sovereignty principles as part of the human right to food while dealing with disaster and post-disaster recovery efforts. It is essential that disasters should not be treated by donors as an opportunity to change traditional food and agricultural systems and impose industrial agriculture. On the contrary, while responding to the most urgent food needs, post-disaster contexts should be an occasion to support or introduce food sovereignty that primarily supports locals, smallholder farmers, fisherfolk, indigenous communities, and women. 20