A/HRC/42/CRP.5 hostilities in Kachin State, the consequences of the conflict, such as long-lasting displacement and landmine contamination, continued to affect the lives of civilians. Fighting between the Tatmadaw and EAOs, as well as among EAOs, has continued in northern Shan State throughout the unilateral ceasefire, severely affecting civilians in government and non-government controlled areas. Northern Myanmar remains heavily militarized,1112 contributing to a climate of insecurity for the population. In Shan State, fighting has continued between the SSA-S and the TNLA. However, there has been a marked decrease in hostilities between the SSA-S and the SSA-N since May 2019, when both sides agreed to cease hostilities after talks aimed at promoting unity among Shan. 476. Throughout the unilateral ceasefire the Tatmadaw has appeared to devote much of its attention to Rakhine and Chin States in its conflict with the AA. 1113 However, hostilities between the Tatmadaw and EAOs significantly escalated in northern Shan State in the second half of August 2019. 477. On 15 August 2019, the “Brotherhood Alliance”, comprising the AA, the MNDAA and the TNLA,1114 conducted simultaneous attacks on government facilities, including the national defence academy, in five locations in Mandalay Region and Shan State. In the following weeks, fighting between the Tatmadaw and the three EAOs significantly escalated in several townships of northern Shan State, resulting in displacement, civilian casualties, damage to civilian property and infrastructure, and restrictions on freedom of movement.1115 478. At the time of writing, hostilitirs continued. On 31 August 2019, heavy weapons were fired on Maw Heik village, Kuktai Township, in Shan State, killing five Kachin civilians: two women, one infant, and two other children, injuring an additional three, including one girl.1116 The information received by the Mission indicates that seven of the eight victims were inside a civilian house at the time of the incident.1117 The Mission was unable to determine which party to the conflict was responsible for the casualties. 479. The Mission has received unconfirmed reports that between 13 and 17 civilians have been killed, an additional 18 to 27 have been injured,1118 and at least 5,500 have been displaced since 15 August 2019.1119 480. A number of civilian casualties resulting from landmines in northern Myanmar were also reported.1120 Several civil society organizations, humanitarian actors and human rights groups expressed concerns regarding the impact of the continuing conflict on civilians, the entrapment of civilians in conflict areas and the continued denial of access to humanitarian relief.1121 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 134 V-352, V-373. See Chapter V on: The conflict between the Tatmadaw and the Arakan Army. The AA, the MNDAA, and the TNLA are not part of the NCA, and are three of the four members of the Northern Alliance. FFFGEN-1555826851-4879. FFFGEN-1555826851-4830, FFFGEN-1555826851-4812, FFFGEN-1555826851-5608, and FFFGEN-1555826851-5576. FFFGEN-1555826851-4812, FFFGEN-1555826851-5608, and FFFGEN-1555826851-5576. FFFGEN-1555826851-4789, FFFGEN-1555826851-4790; See also, Statement by the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator a.i., June Kunugi, on the situation in northern Shan State, 4 September 2019; FFFGEN-1555826851-4879 FFFGEN-1555826851-4879, V-374, V-396, V-396. GM-021. FFFGEN-1555826851-4879, FFFGEN-1555826851-4831, V-372, V-374, V-375.