A/HRC/42/CRP.5
and in civilian houses and were the target of the Tatmadaw attack that resulted in the
civilian casualty.1290
3.
Treatment of Christian minorities
547. The Mission received credible reports that, in the second half of 2018, the United
Wa State Army (UWSA)1291 engaged in a widespread campaign of persecution against
members of Christian minorities in areas of Shan State under its control. 1292 Specifically,
the Mission received information that religious leaders, missionaries, Bible school teachers
and their students, and faith-based groups were targeted in mass “arrests”. 1293 Although
uncorroborated due to the high risk of reprisals in UWSA-controlled territory, the Mission
received reports hat the UWSA detained around 150 to 200 Christians. 1294 Captives were
held in overcrowded small quarters in unhygienic conditions. 1295 They were reportedly
chained during the night and subjected to forced labour during the day, during which they
were not allowed to talk to each other.1296 During captivity, religious leaders were
prohibited from praying and were told to refrain from preaching once released. 1297
Reportedly, victims were told that they would be released if they signed a declaration
renouncing their faith.1298
548. In addition, approximately 50 Christian places of worship and Bible schools were
forcibly closed and at least three other religious structures damaged or destroyed. .1299
According to information received by the Mission, the stated purpose of the campaign was
to eradicate “religious extremism” and counter acts perceived as detrimental to the Wa
culture and traditions.1300
549. The Mission received information that, while the vast majority of the captives were
released by the end of 2018 and some places of worship were allowed to reopen, a few
religious leaders remained in captivity or were under “house arrest” at the time of
writing.1301
4.
Forced recruitment
550. The Mission received information consistent with previously identified patterns1302
of forced recruitment of men and women1303 by the TNLA,1304 the UWSA,1305 the SSA-S,1306
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
148
GI-033, 2143.
The UWSA is the armed wing of the United Wa State Party, ruling the Wa Self-Administered
Division. It is politically, economically and culturally aligned with China(V-400, V-401, V-399). The
UWSA is also known for its involvement in drug trafficking along Myanmar's north-eastern border.
The Tatmadaw and the UWSA have been allied in fighting Shan EAOs and are believed to share
proceeds of trafficking of narcotics in the region.
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, V-360, 2131, rows 100, 98, 92, 81, 77, 76 of FFFGEN-185769,V-402 p. 24, V-403
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, 2131, rows 100, 98, 92, 81, 77, 76 of FFFGEN-1-85769, V-402
Pp.. 24, V-403 .
GM-016, and V-402 p. 24.
2131.
2131.
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, 2131, V-403.
GM-16, 2131, V-403.
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, 2131 Rows 100, 98, 92, 81, 77, 76 of FFFGEN-1-85769,V-402
PAG 24, V-403.
GM-016, V-402 p. 24, V-403.
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, 2131, V-403, V-404.
A/HRC/39/CRP.2 paras 333-354.
The Mission found that EAOs recruitment practices are not gender neutral. In non-government
controlled areas, women are underrepresented in leadership roles and so they are de facto excluded
from representing EAOs’ political wings in the peace process. Their absence can be explained by the
prerequisite of possessing combat experience, to which they do not have access due to gender
discriminatory EAO policies ; A/HRC/42/CRP.4, para. 66 and 201.
PI-101, PI-123, PI-165, 1460, 1461, PM-010.
GI-049, GI-015, GM-014, GM-016, Rows 100, 98, 92, 81, 77, 76 of FFFGEN-1-85769, V-403.
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