A/HRC/RES/44/17 concerning preparedness, response and recovery, and the allocation of funding and assistance; (e) To promote long-term awareness-raising initiatives in education, in communities in the media and online, engaging men and boys, through the incorporation of curricula on all women’s and girls’ rights into teacher training courses, on topics including the root causes of gender-based discrimination and the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence, including domestic violence, and by ensuring universal access to evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education; (f) To include an understanding of multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination in any training on combating gender bias for State officials; 5. Urges Member States to prevent and respond to the increase in violence against women and girls amid the COVID-19 pandemic by integrating prevention, response and protection measures into COVID-19 response plans, including through strengthened law enforcement and justice for victims and survivors of violence, designating and expanding the capacity of domestic violence shelters as essential services and increasing resources for them, in collaboration with civil society and communities, and stepping up advocacy and awareness-raising campaigns to address violence against women during confinement; 6. Calls upon States to implement policies and actions directed: (a) To collect, share, promote, support, implement and widely publicize evidence and good practices, including awareness-raising programmes to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls and to counter gender and other stereotyping, negative portrayals of women and girls, including those who face multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, to reduce sexual and gender-based violence and to promote and support the implementation of awareness-raising programmes to combat gender and other stereotypes and gender-based discrimination in all settings; (b) To ensure access to justice and accountability mechanisms and timely and effective remedies for the effective implementation and enforcement of laws aimed at preventing and eliminating all forms of discrimination and gender-based violence, including by informing women and girls about their rights under relevant laws in an accessible way and by improving legal infrastructure, and mainstreaming age- and gender-responsive training into justice systems to ensure equality before the law and equal protection of women and girls by the law; (c) To modify social and cultural patterns of conduct in order to prevent and eliminate racist, xenophobic, patriarchal, disability, age and gender stereotypes and any other negative social norms, attitudes or behaviours, or unequal power relations that view women and girls as subordinates or that underlie and perpetuate multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls; 7. Urges States to respect, protect and fulfil the right to sexual and reproductive health, free from discrimination, coercion and violence, including by addressing social and other determinants of health, the removal of legal barriers and the development and enforcement of policies, good practices and legal frameworks that respect dignity, integrity and the right to bodily autonomy and guarantee universal access to sexual and reproductive health services and evidence-based information and education, including for family planning; 8. Also urges States to develop, support and protect an enabling environment for the full, effective, meaningful and equal participation of civil society, including women’s and girls’ rights organizations, feminist groups and women and girl human rights defenders and girl- and youth-led organizations in the creation, design, implementation and monitoring of all legislation and policies relevant to achieving substantive gender equality; 9. Calls upon States to take a human rights-based and gender-responsive approach in their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and to pay special attention to women and girls, in particular those in vulnerable situations, and their specific needs, including protection from xenophobia, social stigma, sexual and gender-based violence, and domestic violence; equal access to livelihood and socioeconomic opportunities, health-care services, including testing, treatment and vaccines, timely, adequate and accurate information 4