A/HRC/31/28 IV. Conclusions 30. In summing-up the discussion, the moderator noted that the panel discussion illustrated the need to combat corruption and to strengthen transparency and information-sharing. Elements were identified for improving good governance in public administration at (a) the international level: using human rights instruments and mechanisms, and drawing on the recommendations and guidance of the special procedures and treaty bodies as well as on the guidelines for State reporting and the universal periodic review; and (b) the national level: improving transparency and access to information and official documents to help empower citizens as watchdogs of an effective public service. 9