A/HRC/19/64 b. prevent and combat all forms of violence against children; c. promote the adoption, implementation and monitoring of integrated national strategies for the protection of children from violence; d. reinforce international co-operation to safeguard the rights of the child and to protect children from violence. Scope and definitionsa 2.2. 1. ―Child‖ shall mean any person under the age of 18 years, including child victims, witnesses and perpetrators of violence. 2. In line with Article 19 of the UNCRC, ―violence‖ is defined as including all forms of physical or mental violence, injury and abuse, neglect and negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse. b This definition covers the exposure of children to violence in the home and elsewhere. Violence is understood to occur not only between adults and children but also between children. 2.3. Principles General principles Protection against violence All children have the right to protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child.c The right to life and maximum survival and development Every child has the inherent right to life and to survival and development to the maximum extent possible.d Non-discrimination All children regardless of their sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth, sexual orientation, state of health, disability or other status, should be protected from all forms of violence and be provided with such care and assistance as to ensure to the maximum extent possible their survival and development. Gender equality Gender aspects of violence should be addressed as part of the integrated approach to violence, and due account should be taken of the different risks girls and boys face in respect of violence and of the different consequences of violence for boys and girls. a b c d Also, refer to Appendix 2 – Glossary of terms. Also, refer to the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, and the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Article 19, UNCRC. Op. cit., Article 6. 73