A/HRC/42/24 for maternal mortality and morbidity is critical. Experts highlighted that safe spaces where humanitarian actors can undertake critical reflection, examine their practice and be open about what is not working is needed. In this context, dispelling the notion that human rights are limited to a “blame and shame” approach is particularly relevant. In addition, addressing accountability within the health system also requires attention to the risks that health providers can face, such as reprisals from the family, if there is a perception of medical malpractice. Despite these challenges, experts found that being self-reflective and adaptable when things do not work and responsive to changing circumstances and demands from affected populations are critical elements of accountability in their work. 85. Good practices to uphold human rights accountability through social accountability tools were also shared, for instance, community scorecards and other forms of community monitoring, complaint mechanisms and feedback loops at the local level. These are also critical to transparency and ensuring that humanitarian actors are accountable at the service level. At the same time, how changes are made following such initiatives and who is accountable for these changes is less clear. It is important to clarify this aspect and further support similar social accountability initiatives – also highlighted in the technical guidance – in emergencies. This would lead to more accountable services that reflect the views and experiences of affected women and girls. 86. When it comes to ensuring legal accountability, training for communities, in particular women and girls, about their rights and how to claim them is also required. A good practice identified in this context is mobile clinics for the provision of legal and judicial services. Mapping of local justice actors and mechanisms and identifying possible entry points for strengthened service provision and accountability were also highlighted. Moreover, experts emphasized that legal accountability is not necessarily adversarial and can also be a positive experience for all actors concerned. Public interest cases before courts in certain contexts actually helped identify where problems lie and come to effective rights-based solutions. 87. Experts also noted the challenge of a lack of disaggregated data or sharing and pooling of data on sexual and reproductive health and rights in emergencies, including on what does and does not work. Collection of such data could also include information on funding and could be used to build an evidence base for rights-based interventions in emergencies that captures what works and the impact of successful actions to inform future interventions. 88. With vital and birth registration systems absent, one particular challenge in emergencies concerns the lack of counting, registering and notification of maternal deaths and morbidities and calculating the cost, in order for actors operating in a humanitarian setting to learn and avoid the action or inaction in the future. The focus is not on who is guilty, but on identifying the problem and possible remedial actions. For instance, experts suggested further implementation of maternal death surveillance and response in emergencies, which involves a continuous cycle of identification, notification and review of maternal deaths followed by actions to improve quality of care and prevent future deaths. 89. Although data gaps need to be filled, experts also argued that the real result and impact are measured not only by quantitative work and through indicators but also through qualitative work, including human rights analysis. V. Conclusion 90. The meeting provided for a rich and constructive discussion between a diversity of actors operating in humanitarian settings. A human rights-based approach to policies and programmes to address preventable maternal mortality and morbidity in humanitarian settings gives an added value to humanitarian action that should be further emphasized and better articulated. 91. This means advocacy at the global level against silos, attacks, criminalization, funding incoherence and restrictions and other obstacles and undue restrictions in emergencies that impact the enjoyment of the sexual and reproductive health and 15