A/HRC/44/43/Add.1
with specific operating conditions requiring more than 8 hours of uninterrupted production,
work should not exceed 48 hours a week. According to trade unions, this provision puts
employees working in these enterprises in an unequal position. They also voiced concern
regarding the rule for counting overtime compensation, noting that the current regime does
not define Saturday and Sunday as holidays. This gap in the regulatory framework could
lead, for example, to situations where an employee would work seven days a week but not
exceed 40 or 48 hours, and therefore would not be entitled to receive overtime
compensation for the work done on weekends. Since 2015, the Public Defender has
recommended in its annual reports the inclusion of a cap on daily working hours, a
provision for weekly rest, and a cap on overtime. In this regard, the Government informed
the Working Group that the amendments to the Labour Code that were being discussed in
the parliament encompassed the maximum amount of working hours within a week, as well
as a cap for overtime work. It also reported that the new law on labour inspection would
provide workers with the possibility of referring to the Labour Conditions Inspection
Department in case of an infringement of their labour rights.
58.
Steps have been taken to revive the Tripartite Social Partnership Commission,
established in 2013 and comprising government, private sector and trade union
representatives. The Commission had the objective of supporting the development of a
social partnership; promoting social dialogue between employees, employers and the
Government at all levels; and developing proposals and recommendations on various issues
related to labour rights with the assistance of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
The Working Group learned that the Commission was supposed to meet quarterly but that it
had only held four meetings since 2013, and that it did not represent an effective
mechanism to strengthen labour policies and practices. In order to assess labour legislation
and elaborate measures for the better protection of labour rights, the Working Group
recommends that the Commission be reformed, in order to make it more effective,
especially in relation to the implementation of its recommendations.
2.
Freedom of association and discrimination
59.
The legal framework protects the right to freedom of association, including the right
to create and join trade unions. The unions have the right to develop their own charters,
establish management bodies, elect representatives and administer their activities. The
Labour Code (arts. 40.1 and 40.2) prohibits discrimination based on membership or
activities in any association, but does not oblige the employer to reinstate employees
dismissed owing to discrimination.
60.
Trade unions representatives and civil society organizations told the Working Group
about instances of trade unions being unduly influenced by employers, and cases of
companies automatically enrolling their employees in a specific trade union when they
signed the employment contract. This practice threatens the vital role played by
independent trade unions in protecting workers’ rights.
61.
Moreover, the Working Group received allegations of discrimination based on trade
union affiliation, and unfair dismissal allowed by the vaguely defined ground of “other
objective circumstance”, contained in article 6 (e) of the Labour Code. Concerns were also
raised regarding the lack of effective penalties or remedies for arbitrarily dismissed
employees, including lengthy delays involving labour rights in legal disputes. Trade unions
and civil society representatives emphasized the importance of an effective labour
inspection system with the mandate to inspect the full spectrum of human rights at the
workplace in order to act as a preventive mechanism but also to foster respect of labour
rights.
62.
The Office of the Public Defender plays a critical role in preventing and addressing
discrimination. It has a mandate to monitor how State authorities and institutions protect
and respect human rights, exercise oversight on the implementation of the Law of Georgia
on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination of 2 May 2014, and monitor implementation
of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in line with the Organic Law
on the Public Defender of Georgia. The provisions of the law of 2014 apply to public
agencies as well as legal entities and physical persons of private law, thus allowing the
Public Defender to deal with discrimination complaints arising from both the public and
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