A/HRC/7/6 page 28 104. The index will be calculated from national data, which alongside identifying types of provision, must record which forms of violence they address. At minimum, the index will include: • Helpline hours calculated by the number of telephone lines and hours open • Shelters/refuges calculated by the number of individual/family places • Advocacy/one stop-shop advice and support services • Specialist counselling services offering long-term support • Specialist provision for disadvantaged groups and provision for girls • Women’s self-defence classes • Geographical spread across both regions and urban/rural populations Prevention 105. While prevention is at the heart of United Nations approaches to violence against women, with elimination the eventual goal, it has been a weak aspect in State responses. What efforts have been made are ad hoc, with an emphasis on awareness-raising rather than primary prevention. 106. Attitudes underpinning violence against women are resistant to change and require long-term investment, alongside clear actions by Government to make perpetrators accountable. No Government to date has effectively combined these actions for longer than a couple of years. Violence against women has yet to be declared a priority public health issue, and we found no examples of nationally implemented education programmes for all forms of violence against women integrated throughout children’s education. Many curricula and interventions have been created, with most limited to specific forms of violence, and implemented at the local level, often by NGOs. 107. There are some examples from developing countries which aspire to create the profound transformations necessary if violence against women is to be eliminated: the “We Can” network in Asia35 and Raising Voices in Uganda36 work on violence, while Tostan has focused on female genital mutilation. All draw on human rights instruments not just to educate civil society, but also to build mass movements of women and men committed to decreasing the tolerance and prevalence of violence against women. 108. Prevention measures range from community-based and mass-media campaigns to reduce tolerance for violence against women to school policies that promote non-violence, human rights 35 www.wecanendvaw.org. 36 www.raisingvoices.org.