A/HRC/17/23 existing avenues for seeking help and redress. In 2007, a follow-up study indicated positive shifts in public perceptions and an increased awareness of what constitutes emotional violence, suggesting, inter alia, better knowledge of the protection offered under the law. Finally, Slovakia noted that the European Union was conducting a comparative study to analyse the size and quality of services provided to women victims of violence, including social assistance and support services, medical care and housing services. C. Operational measures 28. The majority of operational measures and initiatives provided as examples in the submissions are aimed at preventing re-victimization of survivors of violence and dealing with the short and longer term consequences of the violence on their lives. Examples focusing on the prevention of violence against women before it occurs were scarce and mainly mentioned awareness-raising and education initiatives. Very few examples provided details on addressing the underlying determinants of violence against women, such as the economic, social and political situation of women, to prevent violence from occurring in the first place. 1. Help and support services 29. Many coordinated responses to violence against women were underlined by respondents, such as “one-stop” centres, multidimensional crisis centres that integrate various forms of service provision for women (and often children) who have been victims of violence, such as medical, psychological, legal and investigation services. These centres, which can be found in, inter alia, Belarus, Malaysia, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, are usually the result of multisectoral collaboration across the State, and between State authorities and local communities and civil society. In Indonesia, the one-stop centres also include training and business and enterprise advice in order to economically empower survivors. Indonesia has also developed a set of minimum standards for the provision of integrated services for women and children who have been victims of violence. 30. The Saartjie Baartman Centre pioneered the one-stop partnership approach for tackling violence against women in South Africa. In Tajikistan, the Gulrukhsor Women’s Center combines a crisis centre and the only temporary shelter for women victims of violence. With the organization of trainings, seminars and information campaigns, the Centre increased awareness of violence against women in the society. The Centre also created research and statistical databases on issues related to violence against women in Tajikistan. 31. Direct telephone lines, most of the time free of charge8 and available 24 hours a day, called hotlines or helplines, exist in many respondent States, including Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Georgia, Mauritius, New Zealand and Thailand. The Republic of Korea has an emergency call centre with 9 languages available, and Thailand a phone service in 11 languages, with another 42 languages offered from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., to target migrant and trafficked women. These helplines provide access to information on violence against women, advise callers and direct them to adequate support services. 32. In Georgia, UN-Women has been implementing a national project entitled “SHiEld” to enhance prevention and response to domestic violence, with a particular focus on internally displaced and conflict-affected women. The project provides relevant partners 8 A notable exception is Serbia. It reported that several phone lines exist but are mostly run by NGOs, social centres and local authorities, and only a few of them are free of charge. 9