A/HRC/3/2 page 54 nord et sud à l’entrée du port restent recouverts d’une épaisse couche d’hydrocarbure. Les vestiges de l’époque antique (phénicienne, hellénistique et romaine) situés en contrebas du tell, sont également recouverts de la même nappe d’hydrocarbure.”196 222. The Commission was able to verify the impact of the spill on the site’s coastal archaeological foundations. The Commission saw the damage to rocks and foundations caused by the oil, which according to the Ministry of Culture’s experts, has permeated the surface of the rock. The same phenomenon is visible in the site’s Hellenic greenhouse, whose porous characteristic makes it particularly vulnerable to this type of water pollution. In its report, the Directorate General of Antiquities of the Ministry of Culture indicates: “Le fioul a souillé toutes les fondations des tours est et ouest datant de la période Médiévale ainsi que le part antique, le mur jonchant la côte nord-ouest de la tour ouest, la baie de Chamiyeh et de Skhiné, l’île de Yasmine ainsi que le vivier archéologique datant de la période Hellénistique. (…) Les rochers et structures archéologiques, notamment les tours médiévales ainsi que le vivier hellénistique sont poreux de nature. En conséquence, le fioul y est déjà profondément ancré.” 223. Furthermore, the Commission obtained credible information from the Lebanese Ministry of Culture, as well as from UNESCO, concerning further damage to other historical, archaeological and cultural sites. In the case of the Baalbeck archaeological site, the UNESCO mission established the following: “L’examen minutieux des différentes parties du temple de Jupiter a montré qu’au niveau de la cour hexagonale, où un bloc de pierre s’est détaché et brisé, des fissures nombreuses sont visibles sur les linteaux. Selon le professeur Croci qui avait examiné le site en 2001, dans le cadre du projet CHUD, ces fissures pourraient avoir été aggravées par les vibrations des bombardements. Il faut noter à cet égard que le souk ancien de Baalbek, endommagé par les bombardements, se situe à environ deux cents mètres des monuments. Un rapport détaillé sera fourni par les deux experts spécialistes des structures et de la conservation de la pierre dans les jours qui viennent.” 224. The UNESCO mission reported also on the destruction of part of the frescos contained in a tomb dating from the Roman era in Tyre. 225. The Commission received reliable information from the Lebanese Ministry of Culture concerning the damage and destruction of further Lebanese archaeological and historical sites not included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Commission visited some of these sites and was able to see the damage caused by IDF military operations. 226. Among these sites, the Chamaa citadel, built in the 12th century, suffered substantial damage. The Chamaa mausoleum, its minaret and part of its mosque were completely demolished. The four domes topping the building were partially destroyed. Inside the citadel fence, dwellings and stores were destroyed. In Bent J’Beil, most of the constructions dating from the 18th century were completely destroyed, including the town’s old souks. In the town of Khiyam, the regional museum built by the Mercy Corps Association in an underground hospital

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