A/HRC/27/31 62. Existing monitoring, evaluation and accountability processes and mechanisms should be assessed to determine the extent to which those functions can be fulfilled to help ensure child health and survival and where they may need to be strengthened. The generation and use of timely and accurate information relating to all factors affecting child mortality and morbidity are key to improving child health, informing an appropriate and effective response and ensuring the accountability of duty-bearers. 63. States are required to: (a) Regularly review their health information system, including vital registration and childhood disease surveillance, with a view to its improvement; (b) Create a well-structured and appropriately-disaggregated set of quantitative and qualitative indicators that encompasses key recommended child health indicators within and beyond the health sector, with a view to measuring changes in child health and survival, tracking progress towards established targets and addressing any discrimination; (c) Monitor and evaluate the effects of the national legal and policy framework on child mortality and morbidity; (d) Monitor budget allocations and expenditure for child health and other factors affecting child mortality and morbidity; (e) Ensure the existence of quality assurance systems for education and training, including accreditation and certification for both private and public health workers, that meet nationally and internationally agreed standards; (f) Monitor and evaluate non-State actors’ fulfilment of their human rights responsibilities relevant to child health and survival, including that of private sector providers of health and ancillary services; (g) Include civil society and other community members in the collection and analysis of monitoring and evaluation data relating to child health, as well as in making decisions arising from analysis of those data; (h) Conduct regular reviews of child deaths in order that lessons may be learned at all levels of health and other systems, as a way to inform actions to prevent future child deaths; (i) Monitor the use of mechanisms for reporting, remedy and redress in the case of violations of human rights relating to child mortality and morbidity and ensure their functionality; (j) Disseminate the findings of child health monitoring and evaluation efforts and use the data to adapt and improve policies, programmes and services relating to child mortality and morbidity; (k) Establish transparent accountability processes and mechanisms by setting performance targets, collecting information about action taken to meet those targets, making public judgements about the adequacy of such actions and imposing sanctions for unsatisfactory performance. G. Remedies and redress 64. For rights to have meaning, effective remedies must be available to redress violations. Effective mechanisms for remedy and redress can promote the implementation of existing laws, policies and programmes, inform the reform of laws, policies and budgets that do not adequately protect children’s rights, challenge barriers to access to child health care, and provide redress for violations of child health-related rights. Judicial, medical and 15