A/HRC/27/53 the basis of observations from the numerous activities carried out in the performance of the mandate, the Special Rapporteur highlighted the challenges that need to be addressed in order to combat contemporary forms of slavery, gave an analysis of issues relating to legislation, awareness-raising, discrimination and rehabilitation, and an overview of various multi-stakeholder initiatives to combat contemporary forms of slavery. In the ensuing panel discussion, participants reflected on the different challenges, effective practices and lessons learned in combating slavery-like practices, from different perspectives. Drawing on the Special Rapporteur’s remarks, a central point of the discussion related to good practices that could be promoted by civil society organizations and governments in combating slavery and slavery-like practices. 9. From 25 to 27 September 2013, the previous Special Rapporteur participated, as a key speaker, in a conference on the theme “Data protection and right to privacy for marginalized groups: a new challenge in anti-trafficking policies” organized in Berlin by DatACT (data protection in anti-trafficking action). The conference brought together experts from the political sphere, academia and civil society to discuss issues relating to data protection and privacy rights for marginalized groups. During a panel discussion on “Data protection, human rights and anti-trafficking politics: a new challenge in the digital age?”, the Special Rapporteur pointed out that data collection on slavery-like practices was a challenge, particularly because of the social and economic invisibility of those in slavery. She also highlighted the gender dimension of the phenomenon, as women and girls were often denied their right to identity documents. Moreover, most victims of slavery were not registered as part of the labour force and their contribution to the economy was invisible because the work they did, such as domestic work, was not included in the labour laws of some countries. 10. On 19 and 20 November 2013, the Special Rapporteur participated in the International Labour Organization Regional Tripartite Conference “Preventing forced labour, human trafficking and slavery-like practices in Africa”, held in Lusaka. She spoke on governments taking action against forced labour. 11. On 3 and 4 March 2014, the previous Special Rapporteur participated in a two-day international conference, “Enforcement of international human rights law through the mechanism of UN special rapporteurs”, hosted in Bologna, Italy, by Johns Hopkins University. The purpose of the conference was to examine the work of United Nations special rapporteurs and analyse their impact on the implementation of international human rights law in States. In her presentation, the Special Rapporteur addressed the issue of constructive diplomacy and other methods developed to work with States. 12. On 14 March 2014, the previous Special Rapporteur delivered a lecture at the University of California, Berkeley, United States of America, entitled, “Modern-day slavery – a reality close to home?”, which was sponsored by the Institute of Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies and the Armenian Studies Program, with the support of Stanford Armenian Students Association and the International Justice Mission, Stanford University. The Special Rapporteur elaborated on the clandestine nature of modern slavery and explained that it often occurred in remote areas within States or in the “private realm” in homes or in the community. She said that the victims often lived in secluded areas and in fear of social, legal and financial consequences, such as stigmatization. She pointed out that identifying, locating and accessing those victims and, at the same time, protecting data and privacy rights, presented a major challenge. The Special Rapporteur also addressed the need to adopt a human rights-based approach and employ existing legal and practical instruments to help prevent human rights abuses. 13. From 2 to 4 April 2014, the previous Special Rapporteur participated in the International Juridical Conference on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, held at the University of Granada, Spain, of which she gave the opening lecture. The conference 4